Izintengo zebhethri ye-lithium-ion zikhuphuke kakhulu.Isizathu esibangela ukwanda kwamanani izinto zokwakha.
Isingeniso
Leli ibhethri elishajekayo lapho i-lithium-ion ikhiqiza khona amandla.Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion iqukethe ama-electrode angalungile kanye nama-positive.Leli ibhethri elishajekayo lapho ama-ion e-lithium ehamba khona esuka ku-electrode engemihle aye kuma-electrode aqondile nge-electrolyte.Ukukhishwa kuya phambili nangemuva uma kushajwa.Amadivayisi amaningi asebenzisa amaseli e-lithium-ion (Li-ion), okuhlanganisa amagajethi, imidlalo, ama-headphone e-Bluetooth, izinsimbi zamandla aphathwayo, izinsiza ezincane nezinkulu, izimoto zikagesi, kanye ne-electrochemical.ukugcinwa kwamandlaamadivaysi.Bangafaka impilo kanye nemvelo engcupheni uma bengaphathwa ngendlela efanele ekupheleni komjikelezo wabo wempilo.
Okuthrendayo
Izimfuno ezikhulayo zemakethe zamabhethri e-Li-ion zingabalelwa engxenyeni enkulu "yokuminyana kwamandla."Inani lamandla uhlelo eliwaphethe enanini elinikeziwe lezikhala libizwa ngokuthi "ukuminyana kwamandla."Ngenkathi sigcina inani elifanayo likagesi,amabhethri e-lithiumingaba mncane futhi ibelula kunezinye izinhlobo zebhethri.Lokhu kwehlisa kusheshise ukwamukelwa kwabathengi kwemishini emincane ephathekayo nengenantambo.
Intengo Yebhethri Yenyuka
Izintengo zezinto ze-Lithium-ion Zenyuke Ngokuphawulekayo.
Nakuba izindleko zamabhethri bezilokhu zehla kusukela ngo-2010, ukwenyuka kwentengo okubalulekile ezinsimbi ezibalulekile zamaseli njenge-lithium kwenze ukungabaza kokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside.Zizothuthuka kanjani izintengo zebhethri le-EV ngokuzayo?Intengo yeamabhethri e-lithium-ioningase ikhule esikhathini esizayo ngezinga elikhulu.
Ukwenyuka Kwentengo Akuyona Into Entsha.
Akulona ucwaningo lokuqala olukhomba ukushoda kwezinto ezingavuthiwe njengesandulela esingaba khona ekwandiseni intengo yebhethri.Okunye okushicilelwe kukhombe i-nickel njengokushoda okungenzeka, akuwona wonke amaseli ayidingayo.
Kodwa-ke, ngokwe-BNEF, ukukhathazeka kwe-supply chain kuze kwakhuphula amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe ngezindleko eziphansi.i-lithium iron phosphate(LFP) amakhemikhali, manje athandwa abakhiqizi abaningi baseShayina nabakhiqizi bamabhethri futhi amukelwa kancane kancane nguTesla.Ngokocwaningo, abakhiqizi bamaseli e-LFP baseChina banyuse amanani abo ngo-10% kuya ku-20% kusukela ngoSepthemba.
Ibiza Malini Iseli Yebhethri ye-Lithium-Ion?
Ake sephule intengo yezindleko zebhethri ye-lithium-ion.Ngokwezibalo ze-BloombergNEF, intengo ye-cathode yeseli ngayinye ibiza ngaphezu kwengxenye yalelo nani lenani leseli.
Ingxenye Yeseli Yebhethri | % Wezindleko Zeseli |
I-Cathode | 51% |
Izindlu nezinye izinto | 3% |
I-Electrolyte | 4% |
Isihlukanisi | 7% |
Ukukhiqiza nokwehla kwenani | 24% |
I-Anode | 11% |
Kusukela ekuqhekekeni okungenhla kwentengo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, sithole ukuthi i-cathode iyinto ebiza kakhulu.Ibalelwa ku-51% wentengo yonke.
I-cathode ine-electrode yokushaja eqondile.Lapho idivayisi idonsa ibhethri, ama-electron nama-lithium ion asuka ku-anode aye ku-cathode.Zihlala lapho ibhethri ize iphinde ishajwe ngokugcwele.Ama-Cathodes ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yamabhethri.Kuthinta kakhulu ububanzi, ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha okushisayo kwamabhethri.Ngakho-ke, leli futhi ibhethri le-EV.
Iseli liqukethe izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene.Isibonelo, iqukethe i-nickel ne-lithium.Namuhla, izingoma ezijwayelekile ze-cathode ziyi:
Izinto zebhethri ezihlanganisa i-cathode zidingeka kakhulu, abakhiqizi abafana no-Tesla bayaxova ukuze bathole izinto ezisetshenziswa njengokwanda kokuthengiswa kwe-EV.Eqinisweni, izimpahla eziku-cathode, kanye nezinye kwezinye izingxenye zamaselula, zenza cishe amaphesenti angama-40 yenani eliphelele lamaseli.
Izintengo Zezinye Izingxenye Zebhethri Le-Lithium-Ion
Amaphesenti angu-49 asele ezindleko zeseli aqukethe izingxenye ngaphandle kwe-cathode.Inqubo yokukhiqiza, ehlanganisa ukwenza ama-electrode, ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, nokuqedela iseli, ihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-24 azo zonke izindleko.I-anode ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yamabhethri, ebalelwa ku-12% wezindleko zizonke-cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yengxenye ye-cathode.I-anode yeseli ye-Li-ion iqukethe i-organic noma i-inorganic graphite, ebiza kancane kunezinye izinto zebhethri.
Kodwa-ke, izintengo ezikhuphukile zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziphakamisa ukuthi izindleko zephekhi ezimaphakathi zingase zikhule ziye ku-5/kWh ngokwemibandela ngo-2022. Uma kungekho ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphandle okungase kwehlise lo mphumela, isikhathi lapho izindleko zehla ngaphansi kuka-0/kWh singase sibambezeleke ngo-2. iminyaka.Lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekuthengeni kwe-EV kanye nenzuzo yomkhiqizi, kanye nomnotho wokufakwa kokugcina amandla.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D, kanye nokukhula kwamandla kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye namanani entengo ephansi esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.I-BloombergNEF ilindele ukuthi izinto ezintsha zesizukulwane esilandelayo ezifana ne-silicon kanye ne-lithium-based anode, amakhemikhali e-solid-state, kanye ne-novel cathode substance nezindlela zokukhiqiza amaseli zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lokhu kuncipha kwentengo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-09-2022