Izindleko Zebhethri Le-Lithium-Ion Nge-Kwh ngayinye

Isingeniso

Leli ibhethri elishajekayo lapho i-lithium-ion ikhiqiza khona amandla. Ibhethri ye-lithium-ion iqukethe ama-electrode angalungile kanye nama-positive. Leli ibhethri elishajekayo lapho ama-ion e-lithium ehamba khona esuka ku-electrode engemihle aye kuma-electrode aqondile nge-electrolyte. Ukukhishwa kuya phambili nangemuva uma kushajwa. Amadivayisi amaningi asebenzisa amaseli e-lithium-ion (Li-ion), okuhlanganisa amagajethi, imidlalo, ama-headphone e-Bluetooth, izinsimbi zamandla aphathwayo, izinsiza ezincane nezinkulu, izimoto zikagesi, kanye ne-electrochemical.ukugcinwa kwamandlaamadivaysi. Bangafaka impilo kanye nemvelo engcupheni uma bengaphathwa ngendlela efanele ekupheleni komjikelezo wabo wempilo.

Okuthrendayo

Izimfuno ezikhulayo zemakethe zamabhethri e-Li-ion zingabalelwa engxenyeni enkulu "yokuminyana kwamandla." Inani lamandla uhlelo eliwaphethe enanini elinikeziwe lezikhala libizwa ngokuthi "ukuminyana kwamandla." Ngenkathi sigcina inani elifanayo likagesi,amabhethri e-lithiumingaba mncane futhi ibelula kunezinye izinhlobo zebhethri. Lokhu kwehlisa kusheshise ukwamukelwa kwabathengi kwemishini emincane ephathekayo nengenantambo.

Izindleko Zebhethri Le-Lithium-Ion Ngethrendi ngayinye ye-Kwh

Ukwenyuka kwezintengo zebhethri kungase kukhiphe amabhentshimakhi afana no-$60 i-kWh ngayinye ebekwe umnyango Wezamandla wase-US njengomkhawulo wama-EV uma kuqhathaniswa nezinjini zokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Ngokocwaningo lwaminyaka yonke lwentengo yebhethri lwe-Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), izindleko zebhethri ezimaphakathi zomhlaba zehle ngo-6% phakathi kuka-2020 no-2021, nokho zingase zikhule ngokuzayo.

Ngokocwaningo, izindleko zephakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ion zazingu-$132 kWh ngayinye ngo-2021, zehla zisuka ku-$140 kWh ngayinye ngo-2020, kanye no-$101 nge-kWh ngayinye ezingeni leseli. Njengokuhlaziya, amanani entengo yempahla ekhuphukile asevele enyusa amanani entengo, kanti kulindeleke intengo yephekhi engu-$135 kWh emaphakathi ngonyaka ka-2022. Ngokusho kwe-BNEF, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi isikhathi lapho izindleko zehla ngaphansi kwama-$100 i-kWh ngayinye—ngokuvamile ethathwa njengebalulekile. Ingqophamlando yokufinyeleleka kwe-EV—izohlehliswa ngeminyaka emibili.

Abakhiqizi bezimoto banemigomo yabo ephakeme, njengomgomo wakwaToyota wokwehlisa amanani entengo ye-EV ngesigamu eminyakeni eyishumi. Kanjalo nawo wonke amazwe nezifunda. Ingabe izolwa nezinhloso uma amaseli ebiza kakhulu onyakeni owodwa noma emibili? Lokho kusazobhekwa njengengxenye entsha kulo mzila oyinkimbinkimbi wokutholwa kwe-EV.

Intengo Yebhethri Yenyuka

Izintengo zebhethri ye-lithium-ion zikhuphuke kakhulu. Isizathu esibangela ukwanda kwamanani izinto zokwakha.

Ake sibone ukuthi kungani amanani amabhethri enyuke kakhulu:

Izintengo zezinto ze-Lithium-ion Zenyuke Ngokuphawulekayo.

Nakuba izindleko zamabhethri bezilokhu zehla kusukela ngo-2010, ukwenyuka kwentengo okubalulekile ezinsimbi ezibalulekile zamaseli njenge-lithium kwenze ukungabaza kokuphila kwazo isikhathi eside. Zizothuthuka kanjani izintengo zebhethri le-EV ngokuzayo? Intengo yeamabhethri e-lithium-ioningase ikhule esikhathini esizayo ngezinga elikhulu.

Ukwenyuka Kwentengo Akuyona Into Entsha.

Akulona ucwaningo lokuqala olukhomba ukushoda kwezinto ezingavuthiwe njengesandulela esingaba khona ekwandiseni intengo yebhethri. Okunye okushicilelwe kukhombe i-nickel njengokushoda okungenzeka, akuwona wonke amaseli ayidingayo.

Kodwa-ke, ngokwe-BNEF, ukukhathazeka kwe-supply chain kuze kwakhuphula amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe ngezindleko eziphansi.i-lithium iron phosphate(LFP) amakhemikhali, manje athandwa abakhiqizi abaningi baseShayina nabakhiqizi bamabhethri futhi amukelwa kancane kancane nguTesla. Ngokocwaningo, abakhiqizi bamaseli e-LFP baseChina banyuse amanani abo ngo-10% kuya ku-20% kusukela ngoSepthemba.

Ibiza Malini Iseli Yebhethri ye-Lithium-Ion?

Ake sephule intengo yezindleko zebhethri ye-lithium-ion. Ngokwezibalo ze-BloombergNEF, intengo ye-cathode yeseli ngayinye ibiza ngaphezu kwengxenye yalelo nani lenani leseli.

Ingxenye Yeseli Yebhethri % Wezindleko Zeseli
I-Cathode 51%
Izindlu nezinye izinto 3%
I-Electrolyte 4%
Isihlukanisi 7%
Ukukhiqiza nokwehla kwenani 24%
I-Anode 11%

Kusukela ekuqhekekeni okungenhla kwentengo yebhethri ye-lithium-ion, sithole ukuthi i-cathode iyinto ebiza kakhulu. Ibalelwa ku-51% wentengo yonke.

Kungani Ama-Cathodes Anamanani Aphakeme?

I-cathode ine-electrode yokushaja eqondile. Lapho idivayisi idonsa ibhethri, ama-electron nama-lithium ion asuka ku-anode aye ku-cathode. Zihlala lapho ibhethri ize iphinde ishajwe ngokugcwele. Ama-Cathodes ayingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yamabhethri. Kuthinta kakhulu ububanzi, ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha okushisayo kwamabhethri. Ngakho-ke, leli futhi ibhethri le-EV.

Iseli liqukethe izinsimbi ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, iqukethe i-nickel ne-lithium. Njengamanje, izingoma ezijwayelekile ze-cathode ziyi:

I-Lithium iron phosphate (LFP)

I-Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA)

I-Lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC)

Izinto zebhethri ezihlanganisa i-cathode zidingeka kakhulu, abakhiqizi abafana no-Tesla bayaxova ukuze bathole izinto ezisetshenziswa njengokwanda kokuthengiswa kwe-EV. Eqinisweni, izimpahla eziku-cathode, kanye nezinye ezikwezinye izingxenye zamaselula, zenza cishe ama-40% yenani eliphelele lamaseli.

Izintengo Zezinye Izingxenye Zebhethri Le-Lithium-Ion

Amaphesenti angu-49 asele ezindleko zeseli aqukethe izingxenye ngaphandle kwe-cathode. Inqubo yokukhiqiza, ehlanganisa ukwenza ama-electrode, ukuhlanganisa izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, nokuqedela iseli, ihlanganisa amaphesenti angu-24 azo zonke izindleko. I-anode ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile yamabhethri, ebalelwa ku-12% wezindleko zizonke-cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yengxenye ye-cathode. I-anode yeseli ye-Li-ion iqukethe i-organic noma i-inorganic graphite, ebiza kancane kunezinye izinto zebhethri.

Isiphetho

Kodwa-ke, izintengo ezikhuphukile zezinto zokusetshenziswa ziphakamisa ukuthi izindleko zephekhi ezimaphakathi zingase zikhule ziye ku-5/kWh ngokwemibandela ngo-2022. Uma kungekho ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphandle okungase kwehlise lo mphumela, isikhathi lapho izindleko zehla ngaphansi kuka-0/kWh singase sibambezeleke ngo-2. iminyaka. Lokhu kungaba nomthelela ekuthengeni kwe-EV kanye nenzuzo yomkhiqizi, kanye nomnotho wokufakwa kokugcina amandla.

Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwe-R&D, kanye nokukhula kwamandla kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa, kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye namanani entengo ephansi esizukulwaneni esilandelayo. I-BloombergNEF ilindele ukuthi izinto ezintsha zesizukulwane esilandelayo ezifana ne-silicon kanye ne-lithium-based anode, amakhemikhali e-solid-state, kanye ne-novel cathode substance nezindlela zokukhiqiza amaseli zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwenzeni lokhu kuncipha kwentengo.

Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-09-2022