Ukulinganisa isimo sokushajwa (i-SOC) kwebhethri ye-lithium kunzima ngokobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza lapho ibhethri ingashajwe ngokugcwele noma ingashajwa ngokugcwele.Izicelo ezinjalo yizimoto zikagesi eziyi-hybrid (HEVs).Inselele isukela ezicini zokukhipha amandla kagesi ayisicaba amabhethri e-lithium.Amandla kagesi awashintshi ukusuka ku-70% SOC kuya ku-20% SOC.Eqinisweni, ukuhlukahluka kwe-voltage ngenxa yezinguquko zokushisa kufana nokuhluka kwe-voltage ngenxa yokukhishwa, ngakho-ke uma i-SOC izotholakala ku-voltage, izinga lokushisa leseli kufanele linxeshezelwe.
Enye inselele ukuthi umthamo webhethri unqunywa umthamo weseli lomthamo ophansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-SOC akufanele yahlulelwe ngokusekelwe ku-voltage yetheminali yeseli, kodwa ku-voltage yetheminali yeseli elibuthaka kakhulu.Konke lokhu kuzwakala kunzima kakhulu.Ngakho-ke kungani singamane sigcine inani eliphelele lamanje eligeleza kuseli futhi sililinganisele namanje eliphumayo?Lokhu kwaziwa ngokuthi ukubala kwe-coulometric futhi kuzwakala kulula ngokwanele, kodwa kunezinkinga eziningi ngale ndlela.
Amabhethriakuwona amabhethri aphelele.Ababuyiseli lokho okufaka kubo.Kukhona ukuvuza kwamandla ngesikhathi sokushaja, okuhluka ngokwezinga lokushisa, izinga lokushaja, isimo sokushaja kanye nokuguga.
Umthamo webhethri nawo uyahluka ngokungahambisani nezinga lokuphuma.Ngokushesha ukukhishwa, amandla aphansi.Kusukela ekukhishweni okungu-0.5C kuya ekukhishweni okungu-5C, ukuncipha kungase kufinyelele ku-15%.
Amabhethri anomthamo wokuvuza ophakeme kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.Amaseli angaphakathi ebhethri angase ashise kakhulu kunamaseli angaphandle, ngakho ukuvuza kweseli ngebhethri ngeke kulingane.
Amandla nawo umsebenzi lokushisa.Amanye amakhemikhali e-lithium athinteka kakhulu kunamanye.
Ukunxephezela lokhu kungalingani, ukulinganisa kwamaseli kusetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwebhethri.Lokhu kuvuza okwengeziwe kwamandla akulinganiseki ngaphandle kwebhethri.
Umthamo webhethri wehla kancane kancane empilweni yeseli nangesikhathi.
Noma iyiphi i-offset encane esilinganisweni samanje izohlanganiswa futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingase ibe inombolo enkulu, kuthinte kabi ukunemba kwe-SOC.
Konke lokhu okungenhla kuzoholela ekukhukhuleni ekunembeni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngaphandle uma kwenziwa ukulinganisa okuvamile, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma ibhethri selicishe lishajwe noma seligcwele.Ezinhlelweni ze-HEV kungcono kakhulu ukugcina ibhethri ishajwe cishe ngo-50%, ngakho-ke enye indlela engaba khona yokulungisa okuthembekile ukunemba kwemitha ukushaja ibhethri ngokugcwele ngezikhathi ezithile.Izimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi zivame ukushajwa ukuthi zigcwale noma zicishe zigcwale, ngakho ukulinganisa okusekelwe ekubalweni kwe-coulometric kungase kunembe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ezinye izinkinga zebhethri zinxeshezelwa.
Ukhiye wokunemba okuhle ekubaleni kwe-coulometric ukutholwa okuhle kwamanje phezu kwebanga elibanzi eliguqukayo.
Indlela yendabuko yokulinganisa imanje eyethu i-shunt, kodwa lezi zindlela ziwela phansi lapho ama-currents aphezulu (250A+) ehilelekile.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwamandla, i-shunt idinga ukuphikiswa okuphansi.Ama-shunts okumelana okuphansi awafanele ukukala ama-currents aphansi (50mA).Lokhu kuphakamisa ngokushesha umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu: yimaphi ama-currents amancane naphezulu okufanele alinganiswe?Lokhu kubizwa nge-dynamic range.
Uma kubhekwa umthamo webhethri ongu-100Ahr, isilinganiso esinzima sephutha elamukelekayo lokuhlanganisa.
Iphutha le-4 Amp lizokhiqiza amaphutha angu-100% ngosuku noma iphutha elingu-0.4A lizoveza amaphutha angu-10% ngosuku.
Iphutha le-4/7A lizoveza amaphutha angu-100% lingakapheli isonto noma iphutha le-60mA lizoveza amaphutha angu-10% lingakapheli isonto.
Iphutha le-4/28A lizoveza iphutha elingu-100% ngenyanga noma iphutha le-15mA lizokhiqiza iphutha elingu-10% ngenyanga, okungenzeka ukuthi isilinganiso esihle kakhulu esingalindelwa ngaphandle kokulungiswa kabusha ngenxa yokushaja noma eduze nokukhishwa okuphelele.
Manje ake sibheke i-shunt ekala umsinga.Ku-250A, i-1m ohm shunt izoba ohlangothini oluphezulu futhi ikhiqize u-62.5W.Kodwa-ke, ku-15mA izokhiqiza ama-microvolts angu-15 kuphela, azolahleka ngomsindo ongemuva.Ububanzi obuguqukayo bungu-250A/15mA = 17,000:1.Uma isiguquli se-A/D esingu-14-bit singakwazi ngempela "ukubona" isignali emsindweni, ekususeni nasekukhukhuleni, kudingeka isiguquli se-14-bit A/D.Imbangela ebalulekile ye-offset i-voltage kanye ne-ground loop offset ekhiqizwa i-thermocouple.
Ngokuyisisekelo, ayikho inzwa engakala okwamanje kulobu bubanzi obuguquguqukayo.Izinzwa zamanje eziphezulu ziyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe amaza aphezulu kusuka ezibonelweni zokudonsa nokushaja, kuyilapho izinzwa zamanje eziphansi ziyadingeka ukuze kulinganiswe amaza kusuka, isibonelo, izinsiza kanye nanoma yisiphi isimo samanje esinguziro.Njengoba inzwa yamanje ephansi futhi "ibona" i-current high, ayikwazi ukonakala noma ukonakala yilokhu, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa.Lokhu kubala ngokushesha i-shunt current.
Isixazululo
Umndeni ofaneleka kakhulu wezinzwa yizinzwa ezivulekile ze-loop Hall effect zamanje.Lawa madivayisi ngeke alinyazwe amaza aphezulu futhi i-Raztec ithuthukise ububanzi bezinzwa obungakwazi ukukala amaza kububanzi be-milliamp ngokusebenzisa ikhondukta eyodwa.umsebenzi wokudlulisa we-100mV/AT uyasebenza, ngakho-ke i-15mA yamanje izokhiqiza i-1.5mV esebenzisekayo.ngokusebenzisa into eyinhloko etholakalayo engcono kakhulu, ukugcinwa okuphansi kakhulu kububanzi be-milliamp eyodwa nakho kungafinyelelwa.Ku-100mV/AT, ukugcwaliswa kwesikhala kuzokwenzeka ngaphezu kuka-25 Amps.Inzuzo ephansi yokuhlela yebo ivumela imisinga ephezulu.
Imisinga ephezulu ikalwa kusetshenziswa izinzwa ezijwayelekile zamanje eziphezulu.Ukushintsha inzwa eyodwa uye kwenye kudinga i-logic elula.
Uhlu olusha lwe-Raztec lwezinzwa ezingenasisekelo luyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezinzwa eziphezulu zamanje.Lawa madivayisi anikezela ngomugqa omuhle kakhulu, ukuzinza kanye ne-zero hysteresis.Zivumelana kalula nezimo ezihlukahlukene zokucushwa kwemishini kanye nobubanzi bamanje.Lawa madivaysi enziwa asebenziseke ngokusetshenziswa kwesizukulwane esisha sezinzwa kazibuthe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Zombili izinhlobo zezinzwa zihlala zinenzuzo ekuphatheni izilinganiso zesiginali-kuya-kumsindo ngobubanzi obuguquguqukayo obuphezulu kakhulu obudingekayo.
Kodwa-ke, ukunemba okudlulele kungaba nzima njengoba ibhethri ngokwalo lingesona isibali esinembile se-coulomb.Iphutha elingu-5% phakathi kokushajwa nokukhipha livamile kumabhethri lapho kukhona okunye ukungahambisani.Unalokhu engqondweni, indlela elula yokusebenzisa imodeli yebhethri eyisisekelo ingasetshenziswa.Imodeli ingafaka i-voltage yetheminali engekho umthwalo uma iqhathaniswa nomthamo, i-voltage yokushaja iqhathaniswa nomthamo, ukukhishwa kanye nokumelana nokushaja okungashintshwa ngomthamo kanye nemijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha.Izilinganiso zesikhathi se-voltage ezilinganisiwe ezifanele zidinga ukusungulwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nama-voltage okuncipha kanye nokubuyisela isikhathi sikagesi.
Inzuzo ephawulekayo yamabhethri e-lithium ekhwalithi enhle ukuthi alahlekelwa amandla amancane kakhulu ngamanani aphezulu okukhipha.Leli qiniso lenza izibalo zibe lula.Futhi banokuvuza okuphansi kakhulu kwamandla.Ukuvuza kwesistimu kungase kube phezulu.
Le nqubo inika amandla isilinganiso sezindleko phakathi kwamaphesenti ambalwa omthamo wangempela osele ngemva kokusungula amapharamitha afanelekile, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubala i-coulomb.Ibhethri iba yikhawunta ye-coulomb.
Imithombo yephutha ngaphakathi kwenzwa yamanje
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, iphutha le-offset libalulekile ekubalweni kwe-coulometric futhi ukuhlinzekwa kufanele kwenziwe ngaphakathi kwemonitha ye-SOC ukuze kulinganiswe i-sensor offset ibe yi-zero ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje ze-zero.Lokhu ngokuvamile kungenzeka kuphela phakathi nokufakwa kwefekthri.Kodwa-ke, amasistimu angaba khona anquma uziro wamanje futhi avumele ukulinganiswa kabusha okuzenzakalelayo kwe-offset.Lesi yisimo esihle njengoba i-drift ingamukeleka.
Ngeshwa, bonke ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa bukhiqiza i-thermal offset drift, futhi izinzwa zamanje azihlukile.Manje sesiyabona ukuthi lokhu kuyikhwalithi ebalulekile.Ngokusebenzisa izingxenye zekhwalithi nokuklama ngokucophelela e-Raztec, sithuthukise ububanzi bezinzwa zamanje eziqinile ezinobubanzi be-drift engu-<0.25mA/K.Ngokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa elingu-20K, lokhu kungaveza iphutha elikhulu lika-5mA.
Omunye umthombo ovamile wephutha kuzinzwa zamanje ezihlanganisa isifunda kazibuthe yiphutha le-hysteresis elibangelwa uzibuthe osele.Lokhu kuvame ukufika ku-400mA, okwenza izinzwa ezinjalo zingafaneleki ukuqapha ibhethri.Ngokukhetha into engcono kakhulu kazibuthe, i-Raztec yehlise le khwalithi yaba ngu-20mA futhi leli phutha liye lehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.Uma kudingeka iphutha elincane, i-demagnetization ingenzeka, kodwa yengeza ubunkimbinkimbi obukhulu.
Iphutha elincane wukukhukhuleka kokulinganiswa komsebenzi wokudlulisa ngezinga lokushisa, kodwa ezinzwa ezinkulu lo mphumela mncane kakhulu kunokunyakaziswa kokusebenza kweseli ngezinga lokushisa.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokulinganisa i-SOC ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yamasu afana nama-voltage azinzile angalayishi, ama-voltages amaseli anxeshezelwa yi-IXR, ukubalwa kwe-coulometric kanye nesinxephezelo sokushisa samapharamitha.Isibonelo, amaphutha okuhlanganiswa esikhathi eside angazitshwa ngokulinganisa i-SOC ngamavolthemu ebhethri angalayishiwe noma anomthwalo ophansi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-09-2022