Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ngokukhuphuka kwama-electronics abathengi njengama-smartphones, amaphilisi, amadivaysi agqokekayo nama-drones, isidingoamabhethri e-lithiumibone ukuqhuma okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili.Isidingo somhlaba wonke samabhethri e-lithium sikhula ngenani lika-40% kuya ku-50% njalo ngonyaka, futhi umhlaba ukhiqize amashaja ezimoto zamandla amasha angaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2 kanye namabhethri anamandla angaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa ezimotweni zikagesi, ama-80% awo aphuma Imakethe yaseShayina.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-Gartner: Ngo-2025, umthamo webhethri ye-lithium emhlabeni wonke uzofinyelela ku-5.7 billion Ah, nesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esiyinhlanganisela sama-21.5%.Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kwezindleko, ibhethri ye-Li-ion isiphenduke enye yentengo encintisanayo kunebhethri elivamile le-lead-acid ebhethrini lamandla emoto entsha.
1.Amathrendi ezobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium buyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa, kusukela ezintweni ezidlule ze-ternary kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphezulu kwe-lithium iron phosphate materials, manje sekuyinguquko ku-lithium iron phosphate nezinto ze-ternary, futhi inqubo ye-cylindrical iyinhloko.Emkhakheni we-electronics yabathengi, amabhethri e-cylindrical lithium iron phosphate kancane kancane ashintsha amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate yendabuko;kusukela ezinhlelweni zebhethri lamandla, kusukela ekuqaleni kokusetshenziswa kuze kube manje, ingxenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza zebhethri yamandla iyanda unyaka nonyaka.Isilinganiso samanje samazwe ngamazwe ajwayelekile sokusetshenziswa kwebhethri lamandla esingaba ngu-63%, kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele cishe ku-72% ngo-2025. Ngokuzayo, ngokuqhubeka kwezobuchwepheshe nokulawulwa kwezindleko, ukwakheka komkhiqizo webhethri le-lithium kulindeleke ukuthi kuzinze kakhudlwana futhi kwethule imakethe ebanzi. isikhala.
2.Indawo Yemakethe
Ibhethri ye-Li-ion iwuhlobo lwebhethri lamandla olusetshenziswa kakhulu futhi lunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza emkhakheni wezimoto zamandla amasha, futhi isidingo semakethe sebhethri ye-Li-ion sikhulu.Ah, ikhuphuke ngo-44.2% unyaka nonyaka.Phakathi kwazo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Ningde Times kubalele ku-41.7%;I-BYD ikleliswe endaweni yesibili, ngo-18.9% wokukhiqiza.Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo komthamo wokukhiqiza webhizinisi, iphethini yokuncintisana yemboni yebhethri ye-lithium iya ngokuya iba nolaka, i-Ningde Times, i-BYD namanye amabhizinisi ayaqhubeka nokwandisa isabelo sawo semakethe ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo siqu, kuyilapho i-Ningde Times ifinyelele ubudlelwano obunamasu no. I-Samsung SDI futhi isingomunye wabahlinzeki bebhethri yamandla abajwayelekile be-Samsung SDI;I-BYD iyaqhubeka nokwandisa utshalomali lwayo emkhakheni wamabhethri amandla ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zobuchwepheshe, futhi manje isesimweni sokukhiqiza umthamo we-BYD emkhakheni wamabhethri amandla kancane kancane ithuthuke futhi yangena esigabeni sokukhiqiza okukhulu;I-BYD inobungcweti obujulile futhi obuphelele bezinto zokusetshenziswa ze-lithium ezikhuphuka nomfula, i-nickel ternary lithium yayo ephezulu, imikhiqizo ye-graphite system ikwazile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinkampani eziningi zebhethri ye-lithium.
3.Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo sebhethri ye-lithium
Kusukela ekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali, kukhona ikakhulukazi izinto ze-cathode (kufaka phakathi izinto ze-lithium cobaltate nezinto ze-lithium manganate), izinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode (kufaka phakathi i-lithium manganate ne-lithium iron phosphate), i-electrolyte (kubandakanya isisombululo se-sulfate nesisombululo se-nitrate), kanye ne-diaphragm (kubandakanya i-LiFeSO4 kanye LiFeNiO2).Kusukela ekusebenzeni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, zingahlukaniswa zibe izinto ezinhle nezimbi ze-electrode.Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-cathode ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushaja, kuyilapho esebenzisa i-lithium njenge-cathode;i-electrode engalungile esebenzisa ingxube ye-nickel-cobalt-manganese;izinto ze-cathode ikakhulukazi zifaka i-NCA, i-NCA + Li2CO3 ne-Ni4PO4, njll.;I-electrode engalungile njengebhethri ye-ion ku-cathode material kanye ne-diaphragm ibaluleke kakhulu, ikhwalithi yayo ithinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion.Ukuze uthole ukushaja okuphezulu futhi ukhiphe amandla athile kanye nempilo ende, i-lithium kufanele ibe nakho kokubili ukusebenza okuphezulu nezici zempilo ende.Ama-electrode e-lithium ahlukaniswe abe amabhethri esimo esiqinile, amabhethri awuketshezi namabhethri e-polymer ngokusho kwempahla, lapho amaseli kaphethiloli we-polymer angubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe obunezinzuzo zezindleko futhi angasetshenziswa kumaselula nakwamanye ama-electronics abathengi;amandla ombuso oqinile ngenxa yokuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusetshenziswa, ezifanele ukugcina amandla nezinye izinkambu;kanye namandla e-polymer ngenxa yokuminyana kwamandla okuphansi nezindleko eziphansi kodwa imvamisa elinganiselwe yokusetshenziswa, ifanele iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium.Amaseli amafutha e-polymer angasetshenziswa kumaselula, ama-laptops namakhamera edijithali;ubuchwepheshe bebhethri yesimo esiqinile okwamanje busesigabeni sokuhlola.
4.Inqubo yokukhiqiza nokuhlaziya izindleko
Amabhethri e-lithium kagesi wabathengi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amaseli kagesi aphezulu, akhiwe ikakhulukazi ngezinto ezisetshenziswayo zikagesi ezinhle nezingezinhle kanye nezinto zokwakha ze-diaphragm.Ukusebenza kanye nezindleko zezinto ezihlukene ze-cathode ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, lapho ukusebenza okungcono kwezinto ze-cathode, izindleko eziphansi, kuyilapho ukusebenza kabi kwezinto ze-diaphragm, izindleko ziphezulu.Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Industry Information Network ikhombisa ukuthi i-electrode yabathengi be-lithium ibhethri ekhangayo kanye nezinto ezingezinhle zama-electrode zenza amaphesenti angama-50 kuye kwangama-60 yenani eliphelele.Impahla ephozithivu ngokuyinhloko yenziwe ngezinto ezingezinhle kodwa izindleko zayo zenza ngaphezu kuka-90%, futhi ngokwanda kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo ezingezinhle, izindleko zomkhiqizo zanda kancane kancane.
5.Izisetshenziswa ezisekela izidingo zemishini
Ngokuvamile, imishini yokuhlanganisa ibhethri ye-lithium ihlanganisa umshini wokubumba umjovo, umshini wokugcoba, kanye nomugqa wokuqedela oshisayo, njll. ngenkathi inokubekwa uphawu okuhle.Ngokusho kwesidingo sokukhiqiza, ingahlonywa isikhunta esihambisanayo, ukuze ibone ukusika okunembile kwezinto zokupakisha (umongo, izinto ezingezinhle, i-diaphragm, njll.) kanye nemvilophu.Umshini wokupakisha: Lo mshini usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzeka ngenqubo yokupakisha amandla ebhethri ye-lithium, equkethe izingxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: ukupakisha ngesivinini esikhulu kanye nomhlahlandlela wejubane eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-11-2022