Kungakhathalekile ukusebenza, izindleko noma ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha, amabhethri aphinde ashajwe yisimo esiqinile ayisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokushintsha amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi ekugcineni abone umgwaqo oya ezimotweni zamandla amasha.
Njengomsunguli wezinto ze-cathode ezifana ne-LiCoO2, i-LiMn2O4 ne-LiFePO4, i-Goodenough yaziwa kakhulu emkhakheni weamabhethri e-lithium-ionfuthi ngempela "unguyise wamabhethri e-lithium-ion".
Esihlokweni sakamuva ku-NatureElectronics, uJohn B. Goodenough, oneminyaka engu-96 ubudala, ubuyekeza umlando wokusungulwa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion ekwazi ukushajwa futhi ubonisa indlela eya phambili.
Ngawo-1970, kwaqubuka inkinga kawoyela e-United States.Ebona ukuncika kakhulu ekuthengeni uwoyela kwamanye amazwe, uhulumeni waqala umzamo omkhulu wokuthuthukisa amandla elanga nomoya.Ngenxa yesimo esishintshashintshayo samandla elanga nawomoya,amabhethri aphinde ashajweekugcineni kwadingeka ukugcina le mithombo yamandla evuselelekayo nehlanzekile.
Isihluthulelo sokushaja okubuyisela emuva nokukhipha ukushintshwa ukuhlehla kokusabela kwamakhemikhali!
Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhethri amaningi angashajwa asebenzisa i-lithium negative electrode nama-electrolyte ephilayo.Ukuze kuzuzwe amabhethri aphinde ashajwe, wonke umuntu waqala ukusebenzela ekushumekeni okubuyiselekayo kwe-lithium ion kuma-cathodes e-metal sulfide eshintshwayo.U-Stanley Whittingham wakwa-ExxonMobil uthole ukuthi ukushaja okubuyisela emuva kanye nokukhipha kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa ikhemistri ehlanganisayo kusetshenziswa i-TiS2 egqinsiwe njenge-cathode material, nomkhiqizo wokukhipha i-LiTiS2.
Leli ngqamuzana, elakhiwa uWhittingham ngo-1976, laphumelela kahle ekuqaleni.Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuphindaphinda kaningana kokushaja nokukhipha, i-lithium dendrites yakheka ngaphakathi kweseli, eyakhula isuka ku-negative yaya ku-electrode eqondile, yakha isifunda esifushane esingathungela i-electrolyte.Lo mzamo, futhi, wagcina uhlulekile!
Ngaleso sikhathi, uGoodenough, owathuthela e-Oxford, wayephenya ukuthi ingakanani i-lithium engase ishunyekwe ku-LiCoO2 ne-LiNiO2 cathode egqinsiwe ngaphambi kokuba isakhiwo sishintshe.Ekugcineni, bathole ukushumeka okubuyiselekayo okubuyiselekayo kokungaphezu kwengxenye ye-lithium kusuka kumpahla ye-cathode.
Lolu cwaningo lwagcina luqondise u-Akira Yoshino wase-AsahiKasei ukuthi alungiselele owokuqalaibhethri le-lithium-ion elishajekayo: I-LiCoO2 njenge-electrode ephozithivu kanye nekhabhoni yegraphic njenge-electrode eyinegethivu.Leli bhethri lisetshenziswe ngempumelelo kumaselula okuqala akwa-Sony.
Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha.Ibhethri elikwazi ukushajwa eliqinile eliqinile njenge-electrolyte libonakala liwumhlahlandlela obalulekile wokuthuthuka okuzayo.
Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960, osokhemisi baseYurophu basebenza ekushumekeni okubuyiselekayo kwe-lithium ion ezintweni eziguquguqukayo zensimbi ye-sulfide.Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-electrolyte ajwayelekile amabhethri aphinde ashajwa ngokuyinhloko ayenama-electrolyte ane-asidi aqinile kanye ne-alkaline njenge-H2SO4 noma i-KOH.Ngoba, kulawa ma-electrolyte ane-aqueous, i-H+ ine-diffusivity enhle.
Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhethri aqine kakhulu aphinde ashajwe enziwa nge-NiOOH egqinsiwe njenge-cathode material kanye ne-alkaline eqinile ye-electrolyte yamanzi njenge-electrolyte.h+ ingase ishumekwe ngokubuyisela emuva ku-cathode ye-NiOOH egqinsiwe ukuze yakhe i-Ni(OH)2.inkinga yayiwukuthi i-electrolyte enamanzi ikhawulele i-voltage yebhethri, okuholela ekukhuleni kwamandla amancane.
Ngo-1967, u-Joseph Kummer kanye no-NeillWeber be-Ford Motor Company bathola ukuthi i-Na+ inezindawo ezinhle zokusabalalisa ama-electrolyte e-ceramic angaphezu kuka-300°C.Babe sebesungula ibhethri le-Na-S eliphinde lishajwe: i-sodium encibilikisiwe njenge-electrode eyinegethivu nesibabule esincibilikisiwe esinamabhendi e-carbon njenge-electrode ephozithivu.Ngenxa yalokho, basungula ibhethri le-Na-S eliphinde lishajwe: i-sodium encibilikisiwe njenge-electrode engalungile, isibabule esincibilikisiwe esiqukethe ibhande le-carbon njenge-electrode eqondile, kanye ne-ceramic eqinile njenge-electrolyte.Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo elingu-300°C lenze ukuthi leli bhethri lingakwazi ukudayiswa.
Ngo-1986, i-Goodenough yathola ibhethri ye-lithium eshajwayo yonke indawo ngaphandle kwesizukulwane se-dendrite kusetshenziswa i-NASICON.Njengamanje, amabhethri e-lithium angatshajwa kabusha esifunda sonke kanye namabhethri e-sodium asuselwe kuma-electrolyte esimo esiqinile njenge-NASICON adayisiwe.
Ngo-2015, uMariaHelena Braga waseNyuvesi yasePorto naye wabonisa i-electrolyte eqinile ye-porous oxide ene-lithium ne-sodium ion conductivity eqhathaniswa nama-electrolyte ephilayo asetshenziswa njengamanje kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Ngamafuphi, kungakhathaliseki ukusebenza, izindleko noma ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha, amabhethri aphinde ashajwe yisimo esiqinile ayisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sokushintsha amandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi ekugcineni abone umgwaqo oya ezimotweni zamandla amasha!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-25-2022