Isidingo esiphuthumayo sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni sishayela igxathu elisheshayo elibheke ekufakeni ugesi ezokuthutha kanye nokwandisa ukuthunyelwa kwamandla elanga nawomoya kugridi. Uma lezi zindlela zikhula njengoba kulindelekile, isidingo sezindlela ezingcono zokugcina amandla kagesi sizokhula.
Sidinga wonke amasu esingawathola ukuze sibhekane nosongo lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kusho uDkt Elsa Olivetti, uprofesa ohlangene wesayensi yezinto zokwakha nobunjiniyela kwa-Esther kanye no-Harold E. Edgerton. Ngokusobala, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcinwa kwenqwaba okusekelwe kugridi kubalulekile. Kodwa ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula - ikakhulukazi ezokuthutha - ucwaningo oluningi lugxile ekuguquleni isimo sanamuhlaamabhethri e-lithium-ionukuze aphephe, abe mancane futhi akwazi ukugcina amandla amaningi ngosayizi nesisindo sawo.
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile ayaqhubeka ethuthuka, kodwa ukulinganiselwa kwawo kusekhona, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo.Amabhethri e-lithium-ion aqukethe ama-electrode amabili, eyodwa ephozithivu nenye enegethivu, ahlanganiswe oketshezini oluphilayo (oluqukethe ikhabhoni). Lapho ibhethri lishajwa futhi lishajwa, izinhlayiya ze-lithium (noma ama-ion) ezishajwayo zidluliswa zisuka kwenye i-electrode ziye kwenye nge-electrolyte ewuketshezi.
Inkinga eyodwa ngalo mklamo ukuthi kuma-voltage athile namazinga okushisa, i-electrolyte ewuketshezi ingashintshashintsha futhi ibambe umlilo. Amabhethri ngokuvamile aphephile ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, kodwa ingozi isekhona, kusho uDkt Kevin Huang Ph.D.'15, usosayensi wocwaningo eqenjini lika-Olivetti.
Enye inkinga ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion awafanele ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni. Amaphakethe amabhethri amakhulu, asindayo athatha indawo, andisa isisindo semoto futhi ehlisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli. Kodwa kubonakala kunzima ukwenza amabhethri e-lithium-ion anamuhla abe mancane futhi abe lula kuyilapho ugcina ukuminyana kwawo kwamandla - inani lamandla agcinwe ngegremu ngalinye lesisindo.
Ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, abacwaningi bashintsha izici ezibalulekile zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuze bakhe inguqulo eqinile, noma yesimo esiqinile. Bashintsha i-electrolyte ewuketshezi phakathi nendawo nge-electrolyte encane eqinile ezinzile phezu kwebanga elibanzi lama-voltage namazinga okushisa. Ngale electrolyte eqinile, basebenzise i-electrode ephezulu yomthamo omkhulu kanye ne-electrode enegethivu yensimbi ye-lithium ephezulu kakhulu eyayinogqinsi oluncane kakhulu kunongqimba oluvamile lwekhabhoni olunezimbotshana. Lezi zinguquko zivumela iseli lilonke elincane kakhulu ngenkathi igcina umthamo wayo wokugcina amandla, okuholela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwamandla.
Lezi zici - ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuminyana kwamandla okukhulu- mhlawumbe izinzuzo ezimbili ezivame ukuphakanyiswa kakhulu zamabhethri ombuso oqinile, nokho zonke lezi zinto zibheke phambili futhi zithenjwa, futhi azifezeki ngempela. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungenzeka kubangele abacwaningi abaningi bezama ukuthola izinto zokwakha kanye nemiklamo ezoletha lesi sithembiso.
Ukucabanga ngale kwelabhorethri
Abacwaningi baqhamuke nezimo eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezibukeka zithembisa elabhorethri. Kodwa u-Olivetti no-Huang bakholelwa ukuthi uma kubhekwa ukuphuthuma kwenselele yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ukucatshangelwa okwengeziwe okusebenzayo kungase kubaluleke. Thina bacwaningi sihlala sinamamethrikhi kulebhu ukuze sihlole izinto ezingaba khona kanye nezinqubo, kusho u-Olivetti. Izibonelo zingase zihlanganise umthamo wokugcina amandla kanye namazinga wokushaja/wokukhipha. Kodwa uma inhloso kuwukusebenzisa, siphakamisa ukuthi kwengezwe amamethrikhi abhekana ngqo namandla okukalwa ngokushesha.
Izinto kanye nokutholakala
Emhlabeni wama-electrolyte angaphili aqinile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinto - ama-oxide aqukethe umoya-mpilo nama-sulfide aqukethe isulfure. I-Tantalum ikhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo wezimayini ze-tin ne-niobium. Idatha yomlando ibonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-tantalum kuseduze nenani eliphakeme kakhulu kunalelo le-germanium ngesikhathi sokumbiwa kwe-tin ne-niobium. Ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwe-tantalum kuwukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokukhushulwa okungenzeka kwamaseli asekelwe ku-LLZO.
Kodwa-ke, ukwazi ukutholakala kwe-elementi phansi akuzixazululi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze uyifake ezandleni zabakhiqizi. Ngakho-ke abacwaningi baphenye umbuzo olandelayo mayelana nochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezibalulekile - izimayini, ukucutshungulwa, ukucwengwa, ukuthutha, njll. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi kunokuningi okuhlinzekwayo, ingabe uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngalezi zinto lunganwetshwa ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana nokukhula okukhulayo. isidingo samabhethri?
Ekuhlaziyeni okuyisampula, babheke ukuthi yimalini i-supply chain ye-germanium ne-tantalum ezodinga ukukhula unyaka nonyaka ukuze kuhlinzekwe amabhethri ezimoto zikagesi ezihlongozwayo zika-2030. Njengesibonelo, uxhaxha lwezimoto zikagesi, ezivame ukucashunwa njengokuhloswe ngazo zika-2030, zizodinga ukukhiqiza amabhethri anele ukuhlinzeka ngesamba samahora angu-100 wamagigawathi wamandla. Ukuze kuzuzwe lo mgomo, kusetshenziswa amabhethri e-LGPS kuphela, i-germanium supply chain izodinga ukukhula ngo-50% unyaka nonyaka - ukunwebeka, njengoba izinga lokukhula eliphezulu belilinganiselwa ku-7% esikhathini esidlule. Ngokusebenzisa amaseli e-LLZO kuphela, uchungechunge lokunikezela nge-tantalum luzodinga ukuthi lukhule cishe ngo-30% - izinga lokukhula elingaphezu kwesilinganiso esingokomlando esingaba ngu-10%.
Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukubaluleka kokucabangela ukutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nochungechunge lokuhlinzeka lapho kuhlolwa amandla okukhulisa ama-electrolyte aqinile ahlukene, kusho u-Huang: Ngisho noma inani lempahla lingeyona inkinga, njengasendabeni ye-germanium, ukukhuphula konke. izinyathelo zochungechunge lokuhlinzeka ukuze zifane nokukhiqizwa kwezimoto zikagesi zesikhathi esizayo zingadinga izinga lokukhula cishe elingakaze libonwe ngaphambili.
Izinto zokwakha nokucubungula
Enye into okufanele icatshangelwe lapho kuhlolwa amandla okukaleka edizayini yebhethri ubunzima benqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nomthelela ongase ube nawo ezindlekweni. Kunezinyathelo eziningi ngokungenakugwenywa ezihilelekile ekwakhiweni kwebhethri lesimo esiqinile, futhi ukwehluleka kwanoma yisiphi isinyathelo kwandisa izindleko zeseli ngayinye ekhiqizwe ngempumelelo.
Njengommeleli wobunzima bokukhiqiza, u-Olivetti, uCeder no-Huang bahlole umthelela wezinga lokuhluleka ezindlekweni eziphelele zamadizayini ebhethri esimo esiqinile akhethiwe kusizindalwazi sabo. Kwesinye isibonelo, bagxile ku-oxide LLZO. I-LLZO ishwabene kakhulu futhi amashidi amakhulu azacile ngokwanele ukuze asetshenziswe ekusebenzeni okuphezulu amabhethri esimo esiqinile angase aqhekeke noma asonteke emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ahilelekile enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
Ukuze kutholwe imithelela yezindleko zokwehluleka okunjalo, balingise izinyathelo ezine ezibalulekile zokucubungula ezihilelekile ekuhlanganiseni amaseli e-LLZO. Esinyathelweni ngasinye, babala izindleko ngokusekelwe emalini ecatshangwayo, okungukuthi ingxenye yamaseli esewonke acutshungulwe ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Ku-LLZO, isivuno sasiphansi kakhulu kuneminye imiklamo abayifundile; ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba isivuno sehla, izindleko ze-kilowatt-hora (kWh) zamandla eseli zanda kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho amaseli angu-5% engeziwe engeziwe esinyathelweni sokugcina sokushisisa i-cathode, izindleko zikhuphuke cishe ngo-$30/kWh - ushintsho olungenandaba uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi izindleko eziqondiwe ezijwayelekile zamaseli anjalo ngu-$100/kWh. Ngokusobala, ubunzima bokukhiqiza bungaba nomthelela omkhulu ekubeni nokwenzeka kokwamukelwa ngezinga elikhulu komklamo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-09-2022