Amabhethri e-lithium awuhlelo lwebhethri olukhula ngokushesha kakhulu eminyakeni engama-20 edlule futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni ye-elekthronikhi. Ukuqhuma kwakamuva kwamaselula namalaptop empeleni kuwukuqhuma kwebhethri. Anjani amabhethri omakhalekhukhwini nawelaptop abukeka, asebenza kanjani, kungani eqhuma, nokuthi angagwenywa kanjani.
Imiphumela engemihle iqala ukwenzeka lapho iseli ye-lithium ishajwa ngokweqile ku-voltage engaphezu kuka-4.2V. Uma iphezulu ingcindezi ye-overcharge, ingozi iyanda. Kuma-voltage angaphezu kuka-4.2V, lapho ama-athomu e-lithium angaphansi kwengxenye esele kumpahla ye-cathode, iseli lokugcina livame ukuwa, okubangele ukwehla unomphela kumthamo webhethri. Uma inkokhiso iqhubeka, izinsimbi ze-lithium ezilandelayo zizonqwabelana ebusweni bezinto ze-cathode, njengoba iseli lokugcina le-cathode selivele ligcwele ama-athomu e-lithium. Lawa ma-athomu e-lithium akhula amakristalu e-dendritic asuka endaweni ye-cathode ebheke kuma-ion e-lithium. Amakristalu e-lithium azodlula ephepheni le-diaphragm, afinyeze i-anode ne-cathode. Kwesinye isikhathi ibhethri liyaqhuma ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke isekethe emfishane. Lokho kungenxa yokuthi phakathi nenqubo yokushajwa ngokweqile, izinto ezinjengama-electrolyte ziyaqhekeka ukuze kukhiqizwe igesi ebangela ukuba i-casing yebhethri noma i-valve yokucindezela ikhukhumale futhi iqhume, okuvumela umoya-mpilo usabele ngama-athomu e-lithium anqwabelene phezu kwe-electrode engemihle futhi aqhume.
Ngakho-ke, lapho ibhethri ye-lithium ishaja, kuyadingeka ukusetha umkhawulo ophezulu we-voltage, ukucabangela impilo yebhethri, umthamo, nokuphepha. Umkhawulo ongcono kakhulu wokushaja wevoltage ngu-4.2V. Kufanele futhi kube nomkhawulo we-voltage ophansi lapho amaseli e-lithium ephuma. Lapho i-voltage yeseli iwela ngaphansi kuka-2.4V, ezinye zezinto ziqala ukuwohloka. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ibhethri izozikhipha ngokwayo, beka isikhathi eside i-voltage izoba ngaphansi, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukungakhiphi i-2.4V ukuze umise. Ukusuka ku-3.0V ukuya ku-2.4V, amabhethri e-lithium akhulula cishe u-3% womthamo wawo. Ngakho-ke, i-3.0V iyi-voltage efanelekile yokunqanyulwa kokukhipha. Lapho ushaja futhi ukhipha, ngaphezu komkhawulo we-voltage, umkhawulo wamanje uyadingeka. Lapho i-current iphezulu kakhulu, i-lithium ion ayinaso isikhathi sokungena esitokisini sokugcina, izoqoqa phezu kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Njengoba la ma-ion ezuza ama-electron, acwebezela ama-athomu e-lithium ebusweni bento, okungaba yingozi njengokushaja ngokweqile. Uma ikesi lebhethri liphuka, lizoqhuma. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa kwebhethri ye-lithium ion kufanele okungenani kufake umkhawulo ongaphezulu we-voltage yokushaja, umkhawulo ophansi we-voltage yokukhipha kanye nomkhawulo ophezulu wamanje. Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwe-lithium yebhethri core, kuzoba nepuleti yokuvikela, okuyinhloko ukunikeza lezi zivikelo ezintathu. Kodwa-ke, ipuleti lokuvikela lalezi zivikelo ezintathu ngokusobala alanele, izehlakalo zokuqhuma kwebhethri ye-lithium yomhlaba wonke noma njalo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamasistimu ebhethri, ukuhlaziya okucophelelayo kwembangela yokuqhuma kwebhethri kuyadingeka.
Imbangela yokuqhuma:
1. I-polarization enkulu yangaphakathi;
2.Ucezu lwesigxobo lumunca amanzi bese lusabela ngesigubhu segesi ye-electrolyte;
3.Ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwe-electrolyte ngokwayo;
4.Inani lomjovo owuketshezi alikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zenqubo;
5. Ukusebenza kwe-laser welding seal kubi enqubweni yokulungiselela, futhi ukuvuza komoya kutholwa.
6. Uthuli nothuli lwe-pole-piece kulula ukudala i-microshort circuit kuqala;
7.Ipuleti elihle nelibi lijiyile kunebanga lenqubo, okunzima ukuligoba;
8. Inkinga yokuvala umjovo we-liquid, ukusebenza kabi kokuvalwa kwebhola lensimbi kuholela esigubhu segesi;
9.Igobolondo lempahla engenayo yodonga lwegobolondo likhulu kakhulu, ukuguqulwa kwegobolondo kuthinta ukushuba;
10. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elingaphandle liphinde libe yimbangela eyinhloko yokuqhuma.
Uhlobo lokuqhuma
Ukuhlaziywa kohlobo lokuqhuma Izinhlobo zokuqhuma kwe-core yebhethri zingahlukaniswa njenge-short circuit yangaphandle, isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi, kanye nokushajwa ngokweqile. Ingaphandle lapha isho ingaphandle yeseli, okuhlanganisa nesekhethi emfishane ebangelwa ukwakheka okungekuhle kwe-insulation yephakethe lebhethri langaphakathi. Lapho isifunda esifushane senzeka ngaphandle kweseli, futhi izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zihluleka ukunqamula iluphu, iseli lizokhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu ngaphakathi, okubangela ukuba ingxenye ye-electrolyte ihwamuke, igobolondo lebhethri. Lapho izinga lokushisa langaphakathi lebhethri liphakeme lifinyelela ku-135 degrees Celsius, iphepha le-diaphragm lekhwalithi enhle lizovala imbobo enhle, ukusabela kwe-electrochemical kuyanqanyulwa noma kucishe kuqedwe, ukwehla kwamanje, nezinga lokushisa nalo lehla kancane, ngaleyo ndlela kugwemeke ukuqhuma. . Kodwa iphepha le-diaphragm elinezinga eliphansi lokuvala, noma elingavali nhlobo, lizogcina ibhethri lifudumele, lihwamulise i-electrolyte eningi, futhi ekugcineni liqhume isikhwama sebhethri, noma linyuse izinga lokushisa lebhethri lifike ezingeni lapho okokusebenza kusha khona. futhi iyaqhuma. Isekhethi yangaphakathi emfishane ibangelwa ikakhulukazi i-burr ye-copper foil ne-aluminium foil ebhoboza i-diaphragm, noma amakristalu e-dendritic ama-athomu e-lithium abhoboza i-diaphragm.
Lezi zinsimbi ezincane, ezifana nenaliti zingabangela ama-microshort circuits. Ngenxa yokuthi inaliti incane kakhulu futhi inenani elithile lokumelana, okwamanje akulona ukuthi likhulu kakhulu. I-burrs ye-copper aluminium foil ibangelwa inqubo yokukhiqiza. Into ephawuliwe ukuthi ibhethri livuza ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi iningi lazo lingahlolwa amafekthri amaseli noma izitshalo zokuhlanganisa. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi amabhara mancane, kwesinye isikhathi ayasha, enze ibhethri libuyele kwesijwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuqhuma okubangelwa i-burr micro short circuit awekho phezulu. Umbono onjalo, ngokuvamile ungashaja kusukela ngaphakathi kwemboni yeseli ngayinye, i-voltage ebhethrini elibi eliphansi, kodwa akuvamile ukuqhuma, uthole ukwesekwa kwezibalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhuma okubangelwa ukujikeleza okufushane kwangaphakathi kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile. Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona amakristalu ensimbi e-lithium afana nenaliti yonke indawo eshidini le-electrode yangemuva elishajwe ngokweqile, izindawo zokubhoboza zikhona yonke indawo, futhi isekethe ye-micro-short yenzeka yonke indawo. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa lamaseli lizokhuphuka kancane kancane, futhi ekugcineni izinga lokushisa eliphakeme lizokwenza igesi ye-electrolyte. Lesi simo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu ukwenza ukuqhuma kwezinto ezivuthayo, noma igobolondo laqala ukuphuka, ukuze umoya ongaphakathi kanye ne-lithium metal oxidation enolaka, ukuphela kokuqhuma.
Kodwa ukuqhuma okunjalo, okubangelwa isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi esibangelwa ukushaja ngokweqile, akwenzeki ngempela ngesikhathi sokushaja. Kungenzeka ukuthi abathengi bazoyeka ukushaja futhi bakhiphe amafoni abo ngaphambi kokuba ibhethri lishise ngokwanele ukuba lishise izinto futhi likhiqize igesi eyanele ukuqhuma isikhwama sebhethri. Ukushisa okukhiqizwa amasekhethi amaningi amafushane kufudumeza ibhethri kancane futhi, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kuyaqhuma. Incazelo evamile yabathengi ukuthi bathathe ucingo baluthola lushisa kakhulu, base belulahla futhi lwaqhuma. Ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezingenhla zokuqhuma, singagxila ekuvimbeleni ukushajwa ngokweqile, ukuvimbela isifunda esifushane sangaphandle, futhi sithuthukise ukuphepha kweseli. Phakathi kwazo, ukuvimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile kanye nesifunda esifushane sangaphandle singokuvikelwa kwe-elekthronikhi, okuhlobene kakhulu nomklamo wesistimu yebhethri kanye nephakethe lebhethri. Iphuzu eliyinhloko lokuthuthukiswa kokuphepha kweseli ukuvikelwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nemishini, okunobudlelwane obukhulu nabakhiqizi bamaseli.
Inkinga efihliwe ephephile
Ukuphepha kwebhethri ye-lithium ion akuhlobene kuphela nemvelo yezinto zeseli ngokwayo, kodwa futhi kuhlobene nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela nokusetshenziswa kwebhethri. Amabhethri eselula avame ukuqhuma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokwehluleka kwesekethe yokuvikela, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, isici esibalulekile asizange siyixazulule inkinga ngokuyisisekelo.
I-cobalt acid i-lithium cathode esebenzayo iyisistimu evuthiwe kakhulu kumabhethri amancane, kodwa ngemva kokushajwa okuphelele, kusekhona ama-ion amaningi e-lithium ku-anode, lapho ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile, okusele ku-anode ye-lithium ion kulindeleke ukuthi kuthutheleke ku-anode. , kwakhiwa ku-cathode dendrite isebenzisa i-cobalt acid lithium ibhethri ye-overcharge corollary, ngisho nasenkambisweni evamile yokushaja nokukhipha, Kungase futhi kube ne-lithium ion eyeqile mahhala ku-electrode engemihle ukwenza ama-dendrites. Amandla athile etiyetha wezinto ezibonakalayo ze-lithium cobalate angaphezulu kuka-270 mah/g, kodwa umthamo wangempela uyingxenye kuphela yomthamo wethiyori ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo kokuhamba ngebhayisikili. Enqubweni yokusetshenziswa, ngenxa yesizathu esithile (njengokulimala ohlelweni lokuphatha) kanye ne-voltage yokushaja ibhethri iphakeme kakhulu, ingxenye esele ye-lithium ku-electrode eyakhayo izokhishwa, ngokusebenzisa i-electrolyte iye endaweni ye-electrode engalungile ifomu le-lithium metal deposition ukwakha ama-dendrites. Ama-Dendrites Abhoboza i-diaphragm, adala isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi.
Ingxenye eyinhloko ye-electrolyte i-carbonate, enephuzu eliphansi lokukhanya kanye nephuzu eliphansi lokubilisa. Izoshisa noma iqhume ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Uma ibhethri lishisa kakhulu, kuzoholela ekufakweni kwe-oxidation nasekuncishisweni kwe-carbonate ku-electrolyte, okuholela kugesi eningi nokushisa okwengeziwe. Uma ingekho i-valve yokuphepha noma igesi ingakhululwa nge-valve yokuphepha, ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuzokhuphuka kakhulu futhi kubangele ukuqhuma.
Ibhethri ye-polymer electrolyte lithium ion ayixazululi ngokuyisisekelo inkinga yokuphepha, i-lithium cobalt acid ne-organic electrolyte nazo zisetshenziswa, futhi i-electrolyte i-colloidal, akulula ukuvuza, izokwenzeka ukusha okunamandla, ukushiswa kuyinkinga enkulu yokuphepha kwebhethri ye-polymer.
Kukhona nezinkinga ezithile ngokusetshenziswa kwebhethri. Isifunda esifushane sangaphandle noma sangaphakathi singakhiqiza ama-ampere angamakhulu ambalwa wamanje ngokweqile. Uma isifunda esifushane sangaphandle senzeka, ibhethri likhipha umsinga omkhulu ngokushesha, lisebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla futhi likhiqize ukushisa okukhulu ukumelana kwangaphakathi. Isifunda esifushane sangaphakathi sakha umsinga omkhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka, okwenza i-diaphragm inyibilike futhi indawo yesifunda esifushane ikhule, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe umjikelezo ononya.
Ibhethri ye-Lithium ion ukuze kuzuzwe iseli elilodwa 3 ~ 4.2V high voltage yokusebenza, kufanele ithathe ukubola kwe-voltage inkulu kune-2V ye-organic electrolyte, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-organic electrolyte ku-high yamanje, izimo zokushisa okuphezulu kuzokwenziwa i-electrolyzed, i-electrolytic. igesi, okuholela ekwandeni kwengcindezi yangaphakathi, sína izodabula igobolondo.
I-overcharge ingase ibangele i-lithium metal, esimweni sokuphuka kwegobolondo, ukuthintana ngqo nomoya, okuholela ekushiseni, ngesikhathi esifanayo i-electrolyte yokuthungela, ilangabi elinamandla, ukwanda okusheshayo kwegesi, ukuqhuma.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhethri ye-lithium ion yefoni ephathekayo, ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungalungile, njenge-extrusion, umthelela kanye nokungenisa kwamanzi kuholela ekwandiseni ibhethri, ukuguqulwa nokuqhekeka, njll. ngokuqhuma kokushisa.
Ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium:
Ukuze ugweme ukuchichima ngokweqile noma ukukhokhiswa ngokweqile okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele, indlela yokuvikela kathathu isethwe kubhethri elilodwa le-lithium ion. Enye ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zokushintsha, lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka, ukumelana kwayo kuzokhuphuka, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, lizomisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunikezwa kwamandla; Okwesibili ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokuhlukanisa, lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka libe yinani elithile, ama-micron pores ekuhlukaniseni azohlakazeka ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuze i-lithium ion ingakwazi ukudlula, ukusabela kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuyeka; Okwesithathu ukusetha i-valve yokuphepha (okungukuthi, imbobo yokukhipha umoya phezulu kwebhethri). Uma umfutho wangaphakathi webhethri ukhuphukela enanini elithile, ivalvu yokuphepha izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwebhethri.
Ngezinye izikhathi, nakuba ibhethri ngokwayo inezinyathelo zokulawula ukuphepha, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ezibangelwa ukwehluleka kokulawula, ukuntuleka kwe-valve yokuphepha noma igesi ayinaso isikhathi sokukhulula nge-valve yokuphepha, ukucindezela kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuzokhuphuka kakhulu futhi kubangele. ukuqhuma. Ngokuvamile, isamba samandla agcinwe kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ahambisana ngokuphambene nokuphepha kwawo. Njengoba umthamo webhethri ukhula, umthamo webhethri nawo uyanda, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokukhipha ukushisa kuyawohloka, futhi amathuba ezingozi azokwanda kakhulu. Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kumakhalekhukhwini, imfuneko eyisisekelo ukuthi amathuba ezingozi zokuphepha kufanele abe ngaphansi kweyodwa esigidini, okuyizinga eliphansi elamukelekayo emphakathini. Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion anamandla amakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwamukela ukuchithwa kokushisa okuphoqelekile.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphephile ze-electrode, impahla ye-lithium manganese oxide, ngokwesakhiwo samangqamuzana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi esimweni sokushaja okugcwele, ama-ion e-lithium ku-electrode ephozithivu ashumeke ngokuphelele emgodini wekhabhoni ongemuhle, ukugwema ngokuyisisekelo ukukhiqizwa kwama-dendrites. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo esizinzile se-lithium manganese acid, ukuze ukusebenza kwayo kwe-oxidation kuphansi kakhulu kune-lithium cobalt acid, izinga lokushisa lokubola kwe-lithium cobalt acid lingaphezu kuka-100 ℃, ngisho nangenxa ye-short-circuit yangaphandle (isidingo), yangaphandle. i-short-circuit, i-overcharging, nayo ingagwema ngokuphelele ingozi yokusha nokuqhuma okubangelwa insimbi ye-lithium.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-lithium manganenate impahla kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko.
Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe obukhona bokulawula ukuphepha, kufanele siqale sithuthukise ukusebenza kokuphepha kwe-lithium ion battery core, ebaluleke kakhulu kumabhethri amakhulu. Khetha i-diaphragm enokusebenza okuhle kokuvala okushisayo. Indima ye-diaphragm iwukuhlukanisa izigxobo zebhethri ezinhle nezingezinhle kuyilapho uvumela ukudlula kwama-ion e-lithium. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ulwelwesi luyavalwa ngaphambi kokuba luncibilike, lukhulise ukumelana kwangaphakathi ku-2,000 ohms futhi luvale ukusabela kwangaphakathi. Lapho ingcindezi yangaphakathi noma izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga elimisiwe, i-valve yokuvikela ukuqhuma izovuleka futhi iqale ukukhulula ingcindezi yokuvimbela ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kwegesi yangaphakathi, ukuguqulwa, futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekuqhumeni kwegobolondo. Thuthukisa ukuzwela kokulawula, khetha amapharamitha okulawula azwela kakhulu futhi usebenzise ukulawula okuhlanganisiwe kwamapharamitha amaningi (okubaluleke kakhulu kumabhethri amakhulu). Ukuze umthamo omkhulu lithium ion ibhethri pack uchungechunge / parallel multiple cell ukwakheka, ezifana notebook computer voltage ingaphezu 10V, umthamo omkhulu, ngokuvamile usebenzisa 3 kuya 4 single ibhethri uchungechunge kungaba ukuhlangabezana nezidingo voltage, bese 2 kuya 3 uchungechunge ibhethri pack parallel, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umthamo omkhulu.
Iphakethe lebhethri elinomthamo omkhulu ngokwalo kufanele lifakwe umsebenzi wokuvikela ophelele uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zamamojula webhodi lesifunda kufanele nazo zicatshangelwe: Imojula ye-ProtecTIonBoardPCB kanye nemojula ye-SmartBatteryGaugeBoard. Idizayini yonke yokuvikela ibhethri ihlanganisa: I-IC yokuvikela i-level 1 (vimbela ukushajwa kwebhethri ngokweqile, ukukhipha ngokweqile, isifunda esifushane), i-IC yokuvikela i-level 2 (vimbela ukugcwala kwesibili), i-fuse, inkomba ye-LED, ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa nezinye izingxenye. Ngaphansi komshini wokuvikela wamazinga amaningi, ngisho nasezimeni zeshaja yamandla engavamile kanye nekhompyutha ephathekayo, ibhethri yekhompuyutha ephathekayo ingashintshelwa kuphela esimweni sokuvikela okuzenzakalelayo. Uma isimo singebucayi, ngokuvamile sisebenza ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokuxhunywa nokususwa ngaphandle kokuqhuma.
Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obusetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kumalaptop nomakhalekhukhwini abuphephile, futhi izakhiwo eziphephile zidinga ukucatshangelwa.
Sengiphetha, ngenqubekelaphambili yobuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokujula kokuqonda kwabantu izidingo zokuklama, ukukhiqiza, ukuhlola nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri e-lithium ion, ikusasa lamabhethri e-lithium ion lizoba eliphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-07-2022