Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke, usayizi wemakethe wezimoto zikagesi usufinyelele ku-$ 1 trillion ngo-2020 futhi uzoqhubeka nokukhula ngesilinganiso esingaphezu kwama-20% ngonyaka esikhathini esizayo. Ngakho-ke, izimoto zikagesi njengendlela yokuthutha enkulu, izidingo zokusebenza zamabhethri amandla zizoba phezulu kakhulu, futhi umthelela wokubola kwebhethri ekusebenzeni kwebhethri lamandla ezindaweni ezisezingeni eliphansi akufanele zishaywe indiva. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokubola kwebhethri ezindaweni eziphansi lokushisa yilezi: Okokuqala, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lithinta ukumelana okuncane kwangaphakathi kwebhethri, indawo yokusabalalisa okushisayo inkulu, futhi ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri kuyanda. Okwesibili, ibhethri ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwamandla okudlulisa ukushaja alilungile, ukuwohloka kwebhethri kuzokwenzeka lapho i-polarization yendawo engenakuhlehliswa. Okwesithathu, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokunyakaza kwamangqamuzana e-electrolyte lihamba kancane futhi kunzima ukusakazeka ngesikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, ukubola kwebhethri kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kubi kakhulu, okuholela ekonakaleni okukhulu kokusebenza kwebhethri.
1. Isimo sobuchwepheshe bebhethri obusezingeni eliphansi
Izidingo zokusebenza kwezobuchwepheshe nezokusebenza zamabhethri e-lithium-ion amandla alungiselelwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi ziphezulu. Ukuwohloka okungathi sína kokusebenza kwebhethri lamandla e-lithium-ion endaweni yokushisa ephansi kungenxa yokwanda kokumelana kwangaphakathi, okuholela ebunzimeni bokusabalalisa i-electrolyte kanye nempilo yomjikelezo weseli ibe mfushane. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe bebhethri lamandla okushisa aphansi lwenze inqubekelaphambili ethile eminyakeni yakamuva. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion endabuko asezingeni eliphezulu anokushisa okuphansi kokusebenza kahle, futhi ukusebenza kwawo kusengazinzile ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zokushisa; umthamo omkhulu wamaseli wezinga lokushisa eliphansi, umthamo ophansi, kanye nokusebenza kabi komjikelezo wezinga lokushisa eliphansi; i-polarization inamandla kakhulu ekushiseni okuphansi kunamazinga okushisa aphezulu; ukwanda kwe-viscosity ye-electrolyte ekushiseni okuphansi kuholela ekunciphiseni inani lemijikelezo yokushaja / yokukhipha; ukunciphisa ukuphepha kwamaseli kanye nempilo yebhethri encishisiwe ekushiseni okuphansi; kanye nokusebenza okuncishisiwe okusetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphansi. Ukwengeza, impilo yomjikelezo omfushane webhethri ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kanye nezingozi zokuphepha zamaseli ezinga lokushisa eliphansi kubeke phambili izidingo ezintsha zokuphepha kwamabhethri amandla. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zebhethri zamandla ezinzile, eziphephile, ezinokwethenjelwa kanye nempilo ende yezindawo ezisezingeni eliphansi kugxilwe kocwaningo kumabhethri e-lithium-ion asezingeni eliphansi. Njengamanje, kunezinto ezimbalwa zebhethri ye-lithium-ion esezingeni eliphansi lokushisa: (1) izinto ze-lithium metal anode: insimbi ye-lithium isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimotweni zikagesi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwamakhemikhali aphezulu, ukuqhutshwa kukagesi okuphezulu kanye nokushaja okuphansi kokushisa nokusebenza kokukhishwa; (2) izinto ze-carbon anode zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwazo okuhle, ukusebenza komjikelezo wezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuhanjiswa kagesi okuphansi kanye nempilo yomjikelezo wezinga lokushisa eliphansi emazingeni okushisa aphansi; (3) izinto ze-carbon anode zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ngenxa yokumelana nokushisa kwazo okuhle, ukusebenza komjikelezo wezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukuhanjiswa kukagesi okuphansi kanye nempilo yomjikelezo wezinga lokushisa eliphansi. phakathi; (3) ama-electrolyte aphilayo asebenza kahle ekushiseni okuphansi; (4) ama-electrolyte e-polymer: amaketanga e-polymer yamangqamuzana mafushane futhi anokusondelana okuphezulu; (5) izinto ezingaphili: ama-polymers we-inorganic anemingcele yokusebenza okuhle (conductivity) nokuhambisana okuhle phakathi komsebenzi we-electrolyte; (6) ama-oxide ensimbi mancane; (7) izinto ze-inorganic: ama-polymers we-inorganic, njll.
2, Umphumela wemvelo yokushisa ephansi kubhethri ye-lithium
Ukuphila komjikelezo wamabhethri e-lithium kuncike ikakhulukazi kwinqubo yokukhipha, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa eliphansi liyisici esinomthelela omkhulu empilweni yemikhiqizo ye-lithium. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ingaphezulu lebhethri lizoshintsha isigaba okubangela ukulimala kokwakheka kwendawo, okuhambisana nomthamo kanye nokunciphisa umthamo weseli. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, igesi ikhiqizwa esitokisini, okuzosheshisa ukusabalalisa okushisayo; ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, igesi ayikwazi ukukhishwa ngesikhathi, isheshisa ukuguqulwa kwesigaba soketshezi lwebhethri; lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi, kulapho kukhiqizwa igesi eningi futhi kancane kancane ukuguquka kwesigaba soketshezi lwebhethri. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwezinto zangaphakathi zebhethri kunamandla kakhulu futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza amagesi kanye nezinto eziqinile ngaphakathi kwempahla yebhethri; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lizoholela ochungechungeni lokusabela okulimazayo njengokuqhekeka kwesibopho samakhemikhali esingenakuhlehliswa esibonakalayo phakathi kwe-cathode material kanye ne-electrolyte; kuzophinde kuholele ekuncishisweni kokuzihlanganisa kwe-electrolyte nokuphila komjikelezo; amandla okudlulisa i-lithium ion ku-electrolyte azoncishiswa; inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha izobangela uchungechunge lokusabela kwamaketanga njenge-polarization phenomenon ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwe-lithium ion charge, ukubola komthamo webhethri nokukhululwa kwangaphakathi kokucindezeleka, okuthinta ukuphila komjikelezo kanye nokuqina kwamandla amabhethri e-lithium ion neminye imisebenzi. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, kunamandla futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi ukusabela okulimazayo okuhlukahlukene okufana nokusabela kwe-redox endaweni yebhethri, ukusakazeka kokushisa, ukuguquka kwesigaba ngaphakathi kwengqamuzana ngisho nokubhujiswa okuphelele kuyobangela uchungechunge lokusabela kweketango njenge-electrolyte. ukuzihlanganisa, ijubane lokusabela lihamba kancane, ukubola kwamandla ebhethri kubi kakhulu, kanye nekhono lokufuduka kweshaje ye-lithium ion liba mpofu kakhulu ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu.
3, Izinga lokushisa eliphansi ekuqhubekeleni phambili kwamathemba okucwaninga ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium
Endaweni yokushisa ephansi, ukuphepha, ukuphila komjikelezo kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa kwebhethri kuzothinteka, futhi umthelela wokushisa ophansi empilweni yamabhethri e-lithium awukwazi ukunakwa. Njengamanje, ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri yamandla okushisa aphansi kusetshenziswa i-diaphragm, i-electrolyte, izinto ezingezinhle nezingezinhle zama-electrode nezinye izindlela zenze inqubekelaphambili ethile. Ngokuzayo, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium esezingeni eliphansi kufanele kuthuthukiswe kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo: (1) ukuthuthukiswa kwesistimu yezinto zebhethri ye-lithium enamandla amakhulu, impilo ende, ukuncipha okuphansi, usayizi omncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi ekushiseni okuphansi. ; (2) ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokulawula ukumelana kwangaphakathi kwebhethri ngokuklama kwesakhiwo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulungisa izinto; (3) ekuthuthukisweni komthamo ophezulu, uhlelo lwebhethri ye-lithium eshibhile, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe izithasiselo ze-electrolyte, i-lithium ion kanye ne-anode ne-cathode interface kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo zangaphakathi nezinye izici ezibalulekile nomthelela; (4) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komjikelezo webhethri (ukushaja nokukhipha amandla athile), ukuzinza okushisayo kwebhethri endaweni yokushisa ephansi, ukuphepha kwamabhethri e-lithium endaweni yokushisa ephansi kanye nokunye ukuqondiswa kobuchwepheshe bebhethri; (5) ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokuphepha okuphezulu, izindleko eziphezulu kanye nezixazululo zesistimu yebhethri yamandla aphansi ezibizayo ezimweni eziphansi zokushisa; (6) bathuthukise imikhiqizo ehlobene nebhethri lokushisa eliphansi futhi bakhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwayo; ( 7) thuthukisa ukusebenza okuphezulu kwebhethri elimelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nobuchwepheshe bedivayisi.
Yebo, ngaphezu kwezikhombisi-ndlela zocwaningo ezingenhla, kukhona nezikhombisi-ndlela eziningi zocwaningo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwebhethri ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi lokushisa, ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla amabhethri okushisa aphansi, ukwehlisa ukonakala kwebhethri ezindaweni eziphansi, ukunweba impilo yebhethri nolunye ucwaningo. inqubekelaphambili; kodwa indaba ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungafinyelela kanjani ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukuphepha okuphezulu, izindleko eziphansi, ububanzi obuphezulu, impilo ende kanye nokuthengiswa kwezindleko eziphansi zamabhethri ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi yimanje Ucwaningo ludinga ukugxila ekugqabuleni nasekuxazululeni inkinga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-22-2022