Empilweni yanamuhla, omakhalekhukhwini bangaphezu nje kwamathuluzi okuxhumana. Zisetshenziswa emsebenzini, empilweni yomphakathi noma ezokungcebeleka, futhi zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Enqubweni yokusebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini, okwenza abantu bakhathazeke kakhulu yilapho umakhalekhukhwini uvela isikhumbuzi sebhethri ephansi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inhlolovo ibonise ukuthi u-90% wabantu ubonise ukwethuka nokukhathazeka lapho izinga lebhethri lefoni yabo ephathekayo lingaphansi kwama-20%. Nakuba abakhiqizi abakhulu besebenza kanzima ukuze bakhulise umthamo wamabhethri omakhalekhukhwini, njengoba abantu besebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini kaningi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, abantu abaningi bayashintsha kancane kancane besuka ekushajelweni okukodwa ngosuku baye ezikhathini ezingu-N ngosuku, ngisho nabantu abaningi bazoletha. amabhange kagesi uma engekho, uma kwenzeka ewadinga ngezikhathi ezithile.
Njengoba siphila nalezi zenzakalo ezingenhla, yini okufanele siyenze ukuze sandise impilo yesevisi yebhethri likamakhalekhukhwini ngangokunokwenzeka lapho sisebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini nsuku zonke?
1. Isimiso sokusebenza sebhethri ye-lithium
Njengamanje, amabhethri amaningi asetshenziswa kumakhalekhukhwini emakethe amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko afana ne-nickel-metal hydride, i-zinc-manganese, nesitoreji somthofu, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anezinzuzo zomthamo omkhulu, usayizi omncane, isiteji samandla kagesi aphezulu, nempilo yomjikelezo omude. Kungenxa yalezi zinzuzo ukuthi omakhalekhukhwini bangafinyelela ukubukeka okuhlangene nempilo yebhethri ende.
Ama-anode ebhethri e-lithium-ion kumaselula ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-LiCoO2, i-NCM, izinto ze-NCA; izinto ze-cathode kumakhalekhukhwini ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa i-graphite yokwenziwa, i-graphite yemvelo, i-MCMB/SiO, njll. Ngesikhathi sokushaja, i-lithium ikhishwa ku-electrode enhle ngendlela ye-lithium ion, futhi ekugcineni ifakwe ku-electrode engalungile ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza i-electrolyte, kuyilapho inqubo yokukhipha ihluke nje. Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokushaja nokukhipha umjikelezo wokufaka okuqhubekayo/ukukhishwa kwe-intercalation kanye nokufakwa/ukukhishwa kwe-lithium ion phakathi kwama-electrode aqondile noma angalungile, okubizwa ngokusobala ngokuthi “ukunyakazisa.
ibhethri yesitulo”.
2. izizathu zokwehla kwempilo yamabhethri e-lithium-ion
Impilo yebhethri yeselula esanda kuthengwa iseyinhle kakhulu ekuqaleni, kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile yokusetshenziswa, izoba kancane futhi ihlale isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuba iselula entsha ishajwe ngokugcwele, ingahlala amahora angu-36 kuya kwangu-48, kodwa ngemva kwesikhawu esingaphezu kwesigamu sonyaka, ibhethri elifanayo eligcwele lingahlala kuphela amahora angu-24 noma ngaphansi.
Siyini isizathu “sokusindisa ukuphila” kwamabhethri omakhalekhukhwini?
(1). Ukukhokhisa ngokweqile kanye nokukhipha ngokweqile
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ancike kuma-ion e-lithium ukuhamba phakathi kwama-electrode avumayo noma angalungile ukuze asebenze. Ngakho-ke, inani lama-ion e-lithium angabanjwa ama-electrode aqondile kanye nama-negative webhethri ye-lithium-ion ahlobene ngokuqondile namandla ayo. Lapho ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ishajwa ngokujulile futhi ikhishwa, isakhiwo sezinto ezinhle nezimbi singase sonakaliswe, futhi isikhala esingabamba i-lithium ion siba sincane, futhi umthamo walo nawo uyancipha, okuyilokho esivame ukukubiza ngokuthi ukunciphisa. empilweni yebhethri. .
Impilo yebhethri ivame ukuhlolwa ngokuphila komjikelezo, okungukuthi, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ishajelwe ngokujulile futhi ikhishwe, futhi umthamo wayo ungagcinwa ngaphezu kwe-80% yenani lokushaja nokukhipha imijikelezo.
I-GB/T18287 ejwayelekile kazwelonke idinga ukuthi impilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion kumakhalekhukhwini ingabi ngaphansi kwezikhathi ezingu-300. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi amabhethri ethu omakhalekhukhwini azoba nokuqina kancane ngemva kokushajwa nokushajwa izikhathi ezingu-300? impendulo ithi negative.
Okokuqala, esilinganisweni sempilo yomjikelezo, ukuncishiswa komthamo webhethri kuyinqubo ehamba kancane, hhayi iwa noma isinyathelo;
Okwesibili, ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ishajwe ngokujulile futhi ikhishwe. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri lunomshini wokuvikela ibhethri. Izocisha ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho isishajwe ngokugcwele, futhi izovaleka ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho amandla enganele. Ukuze ugweme ukushaja okujulile nokushajwa, ngakho-ke, impilo yangempela yebhethri yeselula iphakeme kunezikhathi ezingu-300.
Nokho, asikwazi ukuthembela ngokuphelele ohlelweni oluhle kakhulu lokuphatha ibhethri. Ukushiya ifoni ephathwayo isemandleni amancane noma agcwele isikhathi eside kungalimaza ibhethri futhi kwehlise nomthamo wayo. Ngakho-ke, indlela engcono kakhulu yokushaja iselula ukushaja nokukhipha kancane. Uma ifoni ephathekayo ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ukugcina ingxenye yamandla ayo kungandisa ngokuphumelelayo impilo yayo yesevisi.
(2). Ukushaja ngaphansi kwezimo ezibanda kakhulu noma ezishisa kakhulu
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion nawo anezidingo eziphakeme zezinga lokushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lawo elivamile (lokushaja) lisukela ku-10°C kuya ku-45°C. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi, i-electrolyte ionic conductivity iyancipha, ukumelana nokudluliswa kweshaji kuyakhuphuka, kanye nokusebenza kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuzowohloka. Okuhlangenwe nakho okunembile ukwehla komthamo. Kodwa lolu hlobo lokubola kwamandla luyabuyiseleka emuva. Ngemuva kokuthi izinga lokushisa libuyele ekamelweni lokushisa, ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion kuzobuyela kokujwayelekile.
Kodwa-ke, uma ibhethri lishajwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi, i-polarization ye-electrode engalungile ingase ibangele amandla ayo okufinyelela amandla okunciphisa ensimbi ye-lithium, okuzoholela ekubekweni kwensimbi ye-lithium ebusweni be-electrode engalungile. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwehleni komthamo webhethri. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona i-lithium. Amathuba okwakheka kwe-dendrite angabangela isifunda esifushane sebhethri futhi abangele ingozi.
Ukushaja ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu kuzophinde kuguqule ukwakheka kwama-electrode e-lithium-ion positive kanye nenegethivu, okuholela ekwehleni okungenakuhlehliswa komthamo webhethri. Ngakho-ke, zama ukugwema ukushaja ifoni ephathekayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezibandayo noma ezishisa kakhulu, ezinganweba ngempumelelo impilo yayo yesevisi.
3. Mayelana nokushaja, ingabe lezi zitatimende zinengqondo?
Q1. Ingabe ukushaja ubusuku bonke kuzoba nomthelela empilweni yebhethri yeselula?
Ukushajwa ngokweqile nokukhipha ngokweqile kuzothinta impilo yebhethri, kodwa ukushaja ubusuku bonke akusho ukushajwa ngokweqile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iselula izocisha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokuba isishajwe ngokugcwele; ngakolunye uhlangothi, omakhalekhukhwini abaningi okwamanje zisebenzisa indlela yokushaja esheshayo yokushaja ibhethri kumthamo ongu-80%, bese beshintshela ekushajeni okuhamba kancane.
Q2. Isimo sezulu sasehlobo sishisa kakhulu, futhi iselula izothola izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lapho ishaja. Ingabe lokhu kujwayelekile, noma kusho ukuthi kunenkinga ngebhethri leselula?
Ukushajwa kwebhethri kuhambisana nezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokusabela kwamakhemikhali nokudluliswa kweshaji. Lezi zinqubo zivame ukuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, kuvamile ukuthi iselula ikhiqize ukushisa lapho ishaja. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokushisa okushisayo kwamaselula ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuchithwa kokushisa okungalungile nezinye izizathu, kunenkinga yebhethri ngokwayo. Khipha ikhava eyisivikelo ngesikhathi sokushaja ukuze uvumele umakhalekhukhwini ukuthi ukhiphe kangcono ukushisa futhi unwebe ngempumelelo impilo yesevisi yeselula. .
Q3. Ingabe impilo yebhethri yeselula izothinteka yibhange lamandla kanye neshaja yemoto eshaja umakhalekhukhwini?
Cha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa ibhange lamandla noma ishaja yemoto, inqobo nje uma usebenzisa idivayisi yokushaja ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokushaja ifoni, ngeke kuthinte impilo yesevisi yebhethri yefoni.
Q4. Xhuma ikhebula lokushaja kukhompuyutha ukuze ushaje iselula. Ingabe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kuyafana nepulaki yokushaja exhunywe kusokhethi yamandla exhunywe kukhebula yokushaja ukuze ishaje iselula?
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ishajwa ngebhange lamandla, ishaja yemoto, ikhompuyutha noma ixhunywe ngokuqondile kumthombo wamandla, izinga lokushaja lihlobene kuphela namandla okushaja asekelwa ishaja nomakhalekhukhwini.
Q5. Ingabe iselula ingasetshenziswa ngenkathi ishajwa? Yini ebangele icala langaphambilini "lokufa kukagesi ngenkathi ishaya ngenkathi ishaja"?
Umakhalekhukhwini ungasetshenziswa uma ushajwa. Lapho ishaja iselula, ishaja iguqula amandla e-AC angu-220V aphezulu nge-transformer ibe i-low-voltage (efana ne-5V evamile) DC ukuze inike amandla ibhethri. Ingxenye ye-low-voltage kuphela exhunywe kumakhalekhukhwini. Ngokuvamile, i-voltage ephephile yomzimba womuntu ingu-36V. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphansi kokushaja okuvamile, ngisho noma icala locingo livuza, i-voltage ephansi yokuphumayo ngeke ibangele ukulimala emzimbeni womuntu.
Ngokuqondene nezindaba ezifanele ku-inthanethi mayelana "nokufona kanye nokubanjwa ugesi ngenkathi ushaja", kungatholakala ukuthi okuqukethwe kuphrintiwe kabusha. Umthombo wangempela wolwazi kunzima ukuwuqinisekisa, futhi awukho umbiko ovela kunoma yisiphi isiphathimandla esinjengamaphoyisa, ngakho-ke kunzima ukwahlulela iqiniso lezindaba ezifanele. ucansi. Nokho, mayelana nokusebenzisa imishini yokushaja efanelekayo ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke zokushaja omakhalekhukhwini, “ucingo lubanjwe ugesi ngenkathi lushajwa” luyingozi, kodwa futhi lukhumbuza izinkumbi zabantu ukuthi zisebenzise abakhiqizi abasemthethweni lapho beshaja omakhalekhukhwini. Ishaja ehlangabezana namazinga kazwelonke afanelekile.
Ukwengeza, ungaqambuli ibhethri ngokuzenzakalelayo ngesikhathi usebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini. Uma ibhethri ingajwayelekile njengokuqhuma, yeka ukulisebenzisa kusenesikhathi bese ufaka umenzi wefoni ephathekayo ukuze ugweme izingozi zokuphepha ezidalwa ukusebenzisa ibhethri okungafanele ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-24-2021