Ngokuqhutshwa yinqubomgomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, uhlaka lukazwelonke lokuphehla ugesi luzobona izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngemuva kuka-2030, ngokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokugcina amandla nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezisekelayo, i-China kulindeleke ukuthi iqedele ukuguquka ukusuka ekuphehleni ugesi osuselwa ezinsalela kudala ukuya ekuphehleni ugesi osuselwa kumandla amasha ngonyaka wezi-2060, nengxenye yokuphehlwa kwamandla amasha ifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-80%.
Inqubomgomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" izoqhuba iphethini yezinto eziphehla ugesi waseShayina zisuka kumandla ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi ziye emandleni amasha kancane kancane, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2060, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okusha kweShayina kube ngaphezu kwama-80%.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuxazulula inkinga yokucindezela "okungazinzile" okulethwa ukuxhumeka kwegridi enkulu ngasohlangothini lwesizukulwane esisha samandla, "inqubomgomo yokusabalalisa nokugcinwa" ngasohlangothini lokuphehlwa kwamandla izoletha impumelelo entsha yamandla. isitoreji side.
"Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubomgomo yekhabhoni ekabili
NgoSepthemba 2020, engqungqutheleni yama-57 yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, i-China yahlongoza ngokusemthethweni umgomo "wekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" wokufinyelela "ikhabhoni ephezulu" ngo-2030 kanye "nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" ngo-2060.
Ngo-2060, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yaseChina kuzongena esigabeni "esingathathi hlangothi", ngamathani alinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.6 okukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okumele ukwehla ngo-74.8% kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020.
Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi "i-carbon neutral" akusho ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide engu-zero, kodwa kunalokho inani eliphelele le-carbon dioxide noma i-greenhouse gas ekhishwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi kanye nemisebenzi yomuntu siqu isuswa yi-carbon dioxide yabo. noma ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngendlela yokutshala amahlathi, ukonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa intuthu, ukuze kuzuzwe ukubuyisela okuhle nokubi futhi kuzuzwe "ukukhishwa kwe-zero" okuhlobene.
Isu le-"carbon double" liholela ekushintsheni kwephethini eseceleni yesizukulwane
Imikhakha yethu emithathu ephezulu enokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu njengamanje: ugesi nokushisisa (51%), ukukhiqiza nokwakha (28%), kanye nezokuthutha (10%).
Emkhakheni wokuphakelwa kukagesi, okuyiwona onesabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza ugesi wezwe ongama-kWh ayizigidi ezingama-800 ngo-2020, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi cishe kuyizigidi ezingama-500 kWh, noma ama-63%, kuyilapho ukuphehlwa kukagesi okusha kungu-300 million kWh, noma u-37%. .
Iqhutshwa yinqubomgomo "yekhabhoni ephindwe kabili" yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, ingxube kazwelonke yokuphehla amandla izobona izinguquko ezibalulekile.
Ngesigaba sokuphakama kwekhabhoni ngo-2030, ingxenye yokuphehlwa kwamandla amasha izoqhubeka nokukhuphukela ku-42%. Ngemuva kuka-2030, ngokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokugcina amandla kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza ezisekelayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka wezi-2060 i-China ibe isiqedile ukuguquka kusuka ekuphehleni ugesi osekelwe ezintweni ezimbiwa phansi iye ekuphehleni ugesi omusha osekelwe kumandla, nengxenye yokuphehla amandla amasha ifinyelele. ngaphezu kwama-80%.
Imakethe yokugcina amandla ibona impumelelo entsha
Ngokuqhuma kohlangothi olusha lokukhiqiza amandla emakethe, imboni yokugcina amandla nayo ibone impumelelo entsha.
Ukugcinwa kwamandla okukhiqiza amandla amasha (i-photovoltaic, amandla omoya) kuxhunywe ngokungenakuhlukaniswa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-Photovoltaic namandla omoya kunokungahleliwe okuqinile kanye nemikhawulo yendawo, okuholela ekungaqinisekini okuqinile ekuphehlisweni kwamandla kanye nemvamisa ohlangothini lokuphehla ugesi, okuzoletha ukucindezela okukhulu komthelela ohlangothini lwegridi ohlelweni lokuxhuma igridi, ngakho ukwakhiwa kwamandla. iziteshi zokugcina azikwazi ukubambezeleka.
Iziteshi zokugcina amandla azikwazi nje ukuxazulula ngokuphumelelayo inkinga "yokukhanya nomoya okulahliwe", kodwa futhi "ukulawulwa okuphezulu nokuphindaphinda" ukuze ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nemvamisa ohlangothini lokukhiqiza amandla kukwazi ukufanisa ijika elihleliwe ohlangothini lwegridi, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe bushelelezi. ukufinyelela kugridi yokukhiqiza amandla amasha.
Njengamanje, imakethe yaseShayina yokugcina amandla isakhula uma iqhathaniswa nezimakethe zangaphandle, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwamanzi aseChina nezinye izingqalasizinda.
Isitoreji esipompayo sisahamba phambili emakethe, ne-36GW yesitoreji esimponsiwe efakwe emakethe yaseShayina ngo-2020, ephakeme kakhulu kune-5GW yesitoreji se-electrochemical efakiwe; kodwa-ke, ukugcinwa kwamakhemikhali kunezinzuzo zokungavinjelwa indawo kanye nokucushwa okuvumelana nezimo, futhi kuzokhula ngokushesha esikhathini esizayo; kulindeleke ukuthi ukugcinwa kwe-electrochemical e-China kancane kancane kudlule isitoreji esipompe ngo-2060, sifinyelele ku-160GW womthamo ofakiwe.
Kulesi sigaba ohlangothini olusha lokukhiqiza amandla ebhidi yephrojekthi, ohulumeni abaningi basekhaya bazocacisa ukuthi isiteshi esisha sokuphehla ugesi esinesitoreji esingekho ngaphansi kuka-10% -20%, futhi isikhathi sokushaja asikho ngaphansi kwamahora angu-1-2, kungabonakala ukuthi "inqubomgomo yokusabalalisa nokugcina" izoletha ukukhula okukhulu ohlangothini lwesizukulwane semakethe yokugcina amandla kagesi.
Kodwa-ke, kulesi sigaba, njengoba imodeli yenzuzo kanye nokudluliselwa kwezindleko zomthombo wamandla ophehla amandla e-electrochemical akukacaci kahle, okuholela esilinganisweni esiphansi sembuyiselo yangaphakathi, iziteshi eziningi zokugcina amandla ngokuvamile ziwukwakhiwa okuholwa yinqubomgomo, futhi udaba lwemodeli yebhizinisi lusazoxazululwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-05-2022