Imboni yokuqapha ukuphepha ukukhula komnotho waseChina, izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zokukhuthaza imboni yokuphuma kwelanga, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amasha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, imboni yamasu ebalulekile, kodwa futhi nokwakhiwa kokuvikela nokulawula ukuphepha komphakathi. Ngokusho "kwemboni yezokuphepha yaseShayina" ukuhlelwa kwe-13 "kwentuthuko" emihlanu kubonisa ukuthi ngo-2020 imboni yokuqapha ezokuphepha yaseChina izofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50. Njengamanje, imboni yokuqapha ukuphepha kwasekhaya ibhethri ye-lithium iye yaqashelwa amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya emikhakheni ehlobene. Ngokusho kwedatha efanele, i-2015 kuze kube manje, ukuthunyelwa okuphelele kwemboni yokuqapha ukuphepha kwemboni ye-lithium cishe izigidi ezingu-160, i-2018 kulindeleke ukuthi ithumele cishe izigidi ezingu-160. Ngokusho kweForesight Industry Research Institute ukuhlinzeka ngedatha yemboni engezansi ikhombisa ukuthi imboni yokuqapha ezokuphepha njengochungechunge lwemboni ekhula kakhulu, ngenxa yezici zayo zemboni kanye nezici zokufunwa kwemboni engezansi kunomehluko othile, ngakho-ke indawo yemboni yesikhathi esizayo. inkulu.
Njengeyona esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuqapha ezokuphepha, ibhethri ye-lithium, izinhlelo zayo zokusebenza zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zebhethri, njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion yesibili namabhethri e-lithium-ion tertiary. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa embonini yezokuphepha ngokuvamile ayi-electrolyte eqinile (i-electrolyte), futhi i-electrolyte eqinile enqubweni yokukhiqiza ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili zokubeka umhwamuko wamakhemikhali nendlela ye-electrodialysis. Indlela yokubeka umhwamuko wamakhemikhali inqubo lapho i-electrolyte eqinile okufanele ilungiswe (njenge-silicon dioxide, i-lead dioxide) ixutshwe nezinto ezisekelwe ku-iron oxide esikhundleni se-manganese oxide noma i-aluminium oxide, bese ifilimu encane itholwa nge-electrolyte. ukusabela njenge-anode ephilayo. Inzuzo eyinhloko yizindleko eziphansi nempilo yomjikelezo omude; ukungahambi kahle ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngokungeza ama-reagents asizayo (njengama-plasticizers) ezithasiselweni, okubiza kakhulu; futhi uma kungekho ama-reagents asizayo angeziwe, inani elikhulu lamagesi anobuthi (i-formaldehyde, i-carbon dioxide) lizokhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa; ngaphezu kwalokho, ayikwazi ukugaywa kabusha futhi ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokuphepha. Kusukela kuthrendi yokuthuthukiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengento yokugcina amandla kuthola ukunakwa okwengeziwe.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswaamabhethri e-lithium-ionsebeyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba. Kodwa-ke, njengoba kusenezinkinga eziningi ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion, njengokusebenza okungazinzile, isikhathi esifushane sokuphila nokuphepha okuphansi, kuyadingeka ukusheshisa ijubane locwaningo nokuthuthukiswa ukuze ufunde futhi uxazulule lezi zinkinga. Ngokwezibikezelo, ngo-2020, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla eChina kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumayunithi angama-200,000. Phakathi kwazo, usayizi wemakethe wamabhethri e-lithium-ion wezimoto ezihlakaniphile uzofinyelela ngaphezu kwama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-3.6.
Njengamanje, izinto eziyinhloko ezinhle nezimbi ezisetshenziswa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion yilezi: 1. I-NCM622/623: Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sezindleko eziphansi, i-NCM522 isetshenziswa njenge-anode, engathola indawo ethile ephezulu, kanye nezinzuzo ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-electrochemical, ukuphepha okuhle nokuphila komjikelezo omude; 2. I-GaN-based: Impahla ngokwayo inezici ezinhle zomzimba namakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa ukumelana nokugqwala, izindleko eziphansi, ukusebenza okuphezulu kanye nokunye okungalungile ukuhlangabezana ne-electrode eyi-negative yebhethri ifanele i-lithium ion uma ibonisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphepha. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kuye kwavela izinto zokwakha ezengeziwe zesizukulwane esisha, njengezinto ze-ternary. Njengamanje, kukhona i-ternary njengoba i-electrode engalungile ye-Pack lithium amabhethri emakethe, ukuphepha kwayo namandla amakhulu kuphambili emhlabeni, futhi izindleko eziphansi, zingasetshenziswa ku-electronics yabathengi. Ikusasa lisazobhekana nezinselelo mayelana nokuphepha nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi.
Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe, ngokusetshenziswa kabanzi kweamabhethri e-lithiumemkhakheni wezokuphepha, yonke imboni yebhethri ye-lithium ibonakala ngezithiyo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe, izithiyo eziphezulu zelungelo lobunikazi kanye nokugxilwa kwemakethe okuphansi. Ngokwemininingwane yemibiko yesemi-annual yamabhizinisi e-lithium-ion ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2017, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengisa kwebhethri ye-lithium-ion yaseChina kudlule amahora ayizigidigidi zama-watt. Phakathi kwazo, izinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium-ion zasekhaya eziyi-16 zihola imboni; izinkampani zebhethri ze-lithium zangaphandle ezihlanganisa izinkampani ze-SMC, FPC kanye ne-NCA. Ngokucacile, kunezinkampani eziyisithupha emkhakheni wesabelo semakethe yemikhiqizo yezokuphepha ezingaphezu kuka-10%, lapho ingxenye yemakethe ye-Skywing Intelligence ifinyelele ku-14.5%, iCASS Technology, ibhethri ye-Lixin kanye nesabelo semakethe se-Zhongying Electronics esingu-9.5%, 7.7% no-5.2 %, ngokulandelana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2022